Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity

• Published in: BMC endocrine disorders Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 171
• Main Authors: Nikrad, Negin, Hosseini, Babak, Pakmehr, Azin, Tousi, Ayda Zahiri, Ardekani, Abnoos Mokhtari, Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad, Akhavan-Sigari, Reza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11.08.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adults; Blood pressure; Body composition; Body mass index; Carbohydrate quality index; Carbohydrates; Cholesterol; Dextrose; Diabetes; Dietary fiber; Dietary intake; Disease; Education; Energy intake; Enzymes; Exercise; Fatty acids; Food; Glucose; Glycemic index; Grain; Homeostasis; Hypertension; Insulin resistance; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Physical activity; Physiological aspects; Population; Public health; Quality management; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Self employment; Iran; Obesity; Carbohydrate quality index; Insulin resistance; Metabolic disorders
• ISSN: 1472-6823; 1472-6823
• DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01420-4

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, is a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Considering the previous evidence of the association between carbohydrate quality and cardiometabolic risk factors, our study was aimed to evaluate any possible association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese adults. In this cross-sectional study, 336 apparently healthy individuals with obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), including 168 food items validated for the Iranian population. CQI was calculated with three components of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates ratio, dietary fiber intake, and dietary glycemic index (GI). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and enzymatic methods were used to evaluate serum lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Subjects in the third quartile of CQI had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.01). Participants in the higher quartiles of CQI had more intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and mono-saturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the second quartile of CQI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.146, P = 0.01) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, physical activity, socioeconomic status (SES) and energy intake. According to our findings, a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates, determined by CQI, could be associated with a lower risk of hypertension.