Assessing anti-doping knowledge among Taiwanese pharmacists

• Published in: BMC medical education Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 808 - 12
• Main Authors: Lee, Yun-Chen, Chen, Chung-Yu, Cheng, Ya-Yun, Hsu, Mei-Chich, Chen, Ting-Ting, Chang, William Chih-Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 27.10.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Athlete; Athletes; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; Chinese Herbal Medicine; Community Relations; Content Validity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cultural Differences; Doping in Sports - prevention & control; Drug stores; Drugs & sports; Drugs and athletes; Educational Needs; Evaluation; Female; Guidelines; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health literacy; Health Services; Hospitals; Humans; Knowledge; Knowledge Level; Likert scale; Likert Scales; Literature reviews; Male; Medical education; Medical Services; Online Surveys; Performance-enhancing drug; Pharmaceutical Education; Pharmacists; Pharmacy; Pharmacy education; Professionals; Public opinion; Questionnaires; Reliability; Sport; Sports; Validity; World Anti-Doping Agency; Taiwan; Sport; Athlete; Chinese Herbal Medicine; Performance-enhancing drug; World Anti-Doping Agency; Pharmacy education
• ISSN: 1472-6920; 1472-6920
• DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04795-z

Taiwan's unique health behaviour, such as extensive exposure to Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), has introduced a risk of inadvertent doping among competing athletes. Pharmacy professionals have an imperative role in advising athletes on the safe use of medicines. This study provides an overview of anti-doping knowledge and educational needs among pharmacists in Taiwan and examines influencing factors. A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey consisting of five domains, namely demographic characteristics, source of prohibited substances, identification of prohibited substances, understanding of doping control, and education needs on anti-doping, was distributed to the registered pharmacists in Taiwan. In total, 491 responses were included in the analyses. Respondents (65% female, aged 41.9 ± 11.4 years, with 68% having a Bachelor's degree) reported a moderate anti-doping knowledge score of 37.2 ± 4.9, ranging from 21 to 48 (out of 51). Fifteen per cent of them had the experience of being counselled about drug use in sports. Higher knowledge scores were observed in younger respondents, showing an age-dependent effect (p < 0.001). Individuals practising in southern Taiwan (compared to northern Taiwan) and those working at clinics (compared to hospitals) exhibited lower knowledge. Most of the respondents (90%) knew that stimulant ephedrine is prohibited in sports, but few had recognised diuretic furosemide (38%) and CHM (7%) containing β -agonist higenamine. Approximately 90% of respondents agreed with the need for anti-doping education. This study highlights the heterogeneity of anti-doping knowledge among pharmacy professionals and provides practical relevance in organising future educational topics and research-based activities.