Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis

Aims To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines/chemokines levels between periodontally healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (ChP), before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and to establish their predictive value for periodontal disease progression...

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Published inJournal of clinical periodontology Vol. 43; no. 9; pp. 727 - 745
Main Authors Stadler, Amanda F., Angst, Patrícia D. M., Arce, Roger M., Gomes, Sabrina C., Oppermann, Rui V., Susin, Cristiano
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2016
Subjects
Chemokines
Chronic Periodontitis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytokines
Dentistry
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Gum disease
Humans
inflammation
Meta-analysis
periodontal diseases
Periodontal Index
periodontitis
gingival crevicular fluid
cytokines
periodontal diseases
chemokines
inflammation
periodontitis
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Summary:Aims To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines/chemokines levels between periodontally healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (ChP), before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and to establish their predictive value for periodontal disease progression. Methods Studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were eligible for this review. Database searches up to December 2015, and manual search of the reference list from reviews and selected articles was performed. Only studies providing data on GCF cytokines/chemokines levels in subjects diagnosed with ChP and periodontally healthy controls were included. Cross‐sectional, case series, single‐arm clinical studies, randomized controlled trials and prospective/retrospective cohort studies were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted for those cytokines/chemokines with at least three available studies. Results GCF levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and MCP‐1/CCL2 were significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with ChP than periodontally healthy subjects. A significant decrease in GCF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐17 was observed after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, whereas a significant increase was observed for IL‐4. Conclusion Evidence for significant differences between periodontal health and ChP was observed for a few cytokines and one chemokine. No conclusions could be drawn with regards to increased risk of disease progression.
Bibliography:Appendix S1. Risk of bias for cross-sectional studies according to the NewCastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Appendix S2. Risk of bias for case series, single-arm clinical studies and cohort studies according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) guidelines. Appendix S3. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials according to the Cochrane Collaboration guideline. Appendix S4. Standardized mean differences between periodontally healthy controls and subjects with chronic periodontitis for selected cytokines and chemokines excluding studies with high risk of bias. Appendix S5. Standardized mean difference following non-surgical periodontal treatment for selected cytokines and chemokines excluding studies with high risk of bias.Appendix S6. Forest plots depicting the standardized mean difference in GCF levels of cytokines and chemokines between periodontally healthy controls and subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis.Appendix S7. Forest plots depicting the standardized mean change in GCF levels of cytokines and chemokines following non-surgical periodontal treatment.Appendix S8. Forest plots depicting the standardized mean difference in GCF cytokines/chemokines levels between periodontally healthy controls and subjects diagnosed with ChP, and mean change following non-surgical periodontal treatment.
ArticleID:JCPE12557
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Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Brazil)
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. AFS and PDMA received scholarships from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES – Brazil). No other sources of funding were used.
Conflict of interest and source of funding statement
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ISSN:0303-6979
1600-051X
DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12557