Phonetograms, Aerodynamic Measurements, Self-Evaluations, and Auditory Perceptual Ratings of Male-to-Female Transsexual Voice

• Published in: Journal of voice Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. 511 - 522
• Main Authors: Holmberg, Eva B, Oates, Jennifer, Dacakis, Georgia, Grant, Cameron
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Mosby, Inc 01.09.2010; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Air Pressure; Auditory perceptual voice ratings; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Fundamental Frequency; Fundamental frequency ( F0); Gender; Glottal airflow; Glottis - physiopathology; Humans; Male; Measurement; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Otolaryngology; Perception; Phonetics; Phonetogram; Phonetography; Self-Evaluation; Self-evaluations; Sex Factors; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Sound Spectrography; Speech; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception; Speech-range profile; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transglottal air pressure; Transsexual; Transsexualism - physiopathology; Transsexualism - psychology; Transsexualism - therapy; Transsexuality; Victoria; Vocal intensity; Voice; Voice Quality; Voice Therapy; Voice Training; Young Adult; Victoria; Auditory perceptual voice ratings; Self-evaluations; Speech-range profile; Gender; Transglottal air pressure; Fundamental frequency ( F 0); Transsexual; Glottal airflow; Phonetogram; Vocal intensity
• ISSN: 0892-1997; 1873-4588; 1873-4588
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.02.002

Summary Objectives This exploratory study reports instrumental and subjective data for 25 male-to-female transsexual (M-F TS) individuals using their attempted female voice. The aim was to examine the usefulness of phonetograms and aerodynamic measures for voice assessment of this client group. Study Design Descriptive and correlational. Methods Phonetogram speech-range profiles (SRPs) were recorded for the M-F TS participants' attempted female voice. Transglottal air pressure and airflow were estimated from oral recordings. All recordings were made in typical- and loud-voice conditions. Relationships among acoustical and aerodynamic measurements, background data, self-evaluations, and auditory perceptual ratings were examined. M-F TS data were compared with male and female normative data. Results Agreement between naive and voice-expert listeners as well as intra- and interlistener reliability was good. Fundamental frequency ( F0 ) accounted for 41–49% of variation in gender ratings for the group, but individual exceptions were found. Background data did not account for female voice success. Perceptual ratings of strain and breathiness were low. No data indicated hyperfunctional vocal behavior. The aerodynamic data agreed with normative male high-pitch data. The speech sound pressure level (SPL) was higher than the female norms. Phonetogram speech-range data fell between male and female data. Conclusions The importance of speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) in perception of gender was confirmed. Instrumental and subjective data suggested that the use of low speech intensities and avoidance of vocal fry could help contribute to a successful female voice. Phonetograms were suggested to be useful for visual feedback and documentation of changes in voice therapy for M-F TS clients.