Immunomodulatory Effect and an Intervention of TNF Signalling Leading to Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Arrest on ORL-204 Oral Cancer Cells by Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus

• Published in: Food technology and biotechnology Vol. 60; no. 1; pp. 80 - 88
• Main Authors: Yap, Hui Yeng Yeannie, Kong, Boon Hong, Yap, Chee Sum Alvin, Ong, Kien Chai, Zain, Rosnah Binti, Tan, Soon Hao, Zaini, Zuraiza Mohamad, Ng, Szu Ting, Tan, Chon Seng, Fung, Shin Yee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Croatia Sveuciliste U Zagrebu 01.01.2022; Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Prehramheno-Biotehnoloski Fakultet; University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Biocompatibility; Buccal mucosa; Cancer; Care and treatment; Caspase-3; Cell cycle; Cold water; Consumption; COX-2; Cultivars; Cytotoxicity; Cytotoxicity testing; Diet; Ethnomedicine; G1 phase; Geographical distribution; Histocompatibility antigen HLA; Immunomodulation; Lignosus rhinocerotis; Lignosus rhinocerus; Milk; MIP2; Mouth cancer; Mushrooms; Oncology, Experimental; Oral cancer; Original Scientific Papers; Pharmaceutical industry; Prevention; Sclerotia; Signal transduction; Toxicity testing; Tumor cell lines; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; United States; China; Malaysia; apoptosis; MIP2; COX-2; Lignosus rhinocerus; cell cycle; oral cancer
• ISSN: 1330-9862; 1334-2606
• DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.01.22.7296

Tiger milk mushroom ( ) is a medicinal mushroom that is geographically distributed in the region of South China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Consumption of its sclerotium has been reported to treat various ailments. However, its anticancer potential towards oral cancer cell lines is yet to be determined considering the traditional method of its consumption by biting/chewing of the sclerotium. Mushroom sclerotial powder of cultivar TM02® was extracted and fractionated in a chromatographic column prior to cytotoxicity testing against a panel of human oral cancer cell lines. The capability of the identified bioactive fraction in regulating several molecules associated with its tumour necrosis factor (TNF) pathway was investigated. 2,5-Diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay indicated that cell lines ORL-48 (derived from gingiva), ORL-188 (derived from the tongue) and ORL-204 (derived from buccal mucosa) were inhibited by cold water extract of sclerotia and its high-molecular-mass fraction (HMM) in varying degrees with ORL-204 being most affected. Hence, the treatment of ORL-204 with HMM mushroom extract was further investigated. HMM mushroom extract induced apoptosis and G /G phase cell cycle arrest through caspase-3/7 cleavage. Activities of MIP2 and COX-2 were downregulated by 0.2- and 4.6-fold respectively in the HMM mushroom extract-treated ORL-204 cells. Using ORL-204, we showed that HMM mushroom extract may act the TNF pathway at various network sites as a potential dietary compound for cancer prevention and natural adjunct therapeutic to conventional cancer treatment.