Allelic Discrimination of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Controlled Study

• Published in: Healthcare (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 4; p. 485
• Main Authors: Mohammed, Amal Ahmed, El-Matty, Dina M Abo, Abdel-Azeem, Rola, Raafat, Khaled, Hussein, Mona A, El-Ansary, Amira R, Hafez, Wael, Hassan, Hatem Ahmed, Nassar, Nourelhuda Ahmed, Selim, Nora Mahmoud, Ghaith, Doaa, Kholy, Amal A El, Abd El Salam, Soha M, Anouti, Fatme Al, Wahba, Alaa S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Alfacalcidol; allelic discrimination; Allelomorphism; Amino acids; Calcifediol; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diabetes; DNA; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Glucose; Health aspects; Insulin resistance; Metabolism; Pathogenesis; Polymorphism; Proteins; Risk factors; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Software; T2DM; Thermal cycling; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin D; vitamin D receptor; Vitamin deficiency; Saudi Arabia; United States > US; Germany; allelic discrimination; T2DM; polymorphism; vitamin D receptor
• ISSN: 2227-9032; 2227-9032
• DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040485

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the rapidly growing healthcare problems, and several vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms seem to modulate the risk of T2DM. Our research was designed to investigate the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphisms and T2DM occurrence risk. (2) Methods: This case-control research included 156 patients with T2DM and 145 healthy control subjects. Most of the study population were males 56.6% vs. 62.8% in the case and control groups, respectively. Genotyping for VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs228570 (Fok1), rs7975232 (Apa1), and rs1544410 (Bsm1) was compared between both groups. (3) Results: There was a negative link between vitamin D levels and insulin sensitivity. A significant difference was noted in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs228570 and rs1544410 between the study groups ( < 0.001). No difference was observed in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs7975232 between the groups ( = 0.063). Moreover, T2DM patients had significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, 2-h post-prandial blood sugar (PP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total cholesterol, and triglycerides ( < 0.001), while High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased ( = 0.006). (4) Conclusions: VDR polymorphisms had a positive association with T2DM risk among the Egyptian population. Further large-scale research using deep sequencing of samples is strongly urged to investigate different vitamin D gene variants and interactions, as well as the influence of vitamin D on T2DM.