Choroidal thickness and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in tears improve the prediction model for coronary artery disease

• Published in: Cardiovascular diabetology Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 103
• Main Authors: Romero-Trevejo, José Lorenzo, Fernández-Romero, Lourdes, Delgado, Josué, Muñoz-García, Erika, Sánchez-Pérez, Andrés, Murri, Mora, Gutiérrez-Bedmar, Mario, Jiménez-Navarro, Manuel Francisco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 09.06.2022; BMC
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular prevention; Cardiovascular system; Choroidal thickness; Colonies; Colony-stimulating factor; Cornea; Coronary Angiography - adverse effects; Coronary artery; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary vessels; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Granulocytes; Growth factors; Heart diseases; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Inflammation; Laboratories; Leukocytes (granulocytic); Medical imaging; Patients; Prediction models; Predictive model; Proteins; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; ROC curves; Tears; Tomography; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vein & artery diseases; United States > US; Texas; Germany; Cardiovascular prevention; Choroidal thickness; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Coronary artery disease; ROC curves; Predictive model
• ISSN: 1475-2840; 1475-2840
• DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01538-0

Coronary artery disease (CAD) detection in asymptomatic patients still remains controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of ophthalmologic findings as predictors of the presence of CAD when added to cardiovascular classic risk factors (CRF) in patients with acute coronary cardiopathy suspicion. After clinical stabilization, 96 patients with acute coronary cardiopathy suspicion were selected and divided in two groups: 69 patients with coronary lesions and 27 patients without coronary lesions. Their 192 eyes were subjected to a complete routine ophthalmologic examination. Samples of tear fluid were also collected to be used in the detection of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic curves and their area under the curve (AUC) were analysed. Suggestive predictors were choroidal thickness (CT) (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and tear granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99). We obtained an AUC of 0.9646 (95% CI 0.928-0.999) when CT and tear G-CSF were added as independent variables to the logistic regression model with cardiovascular CRF: sex, age, diabetes, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habit and obesity. This AUC was significantly higher (p = 0.003) than the prediction derived from the same logistic regression model without CT and tear G-CSF (AUC = 0.828, 95% CI 0.729-0.927). CT and tear G-CSF improved the predictive model for CAD when added to cardiovascular CRF in our sample of symptomatic patients. Subsequent studies are needed for validation of these findings in asymptomatic patients.