Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major problem in Asia because of the presence of multiple risk factors in the region such as endemicity of hepatitis B and significant contamination of foodstuff by aflatoxin in some areas. Another risk factor for HCC, chronic hepatitis C infection, in Asia is most sign...

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Published inBaillière's best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology Vol. 29; no. 6; pp. 919 - 928
Main Authors Goh, George Boon-Bee, Chang, Pik-Eu, Tan, Chee-Kiat
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2015
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins - toxicity
Age
Asia - epidemiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - epidemiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology
Epidemiology
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B - complications
Hepatitis B - epidemiology
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C - complications
Hepatitis C - epidemiology
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis C, Chronic - complications
Hepatitis C, Chronic - epidemiology
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Humans
Infections
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology
Liver Neoplasms - etiology
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH
Obesity - complications
Risk Factors
Vaccines
Asia
China
Japan
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis C
Epidemiology
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH
Aflatoxin
Hepatitis B
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major problem in Asia because of the presence of multiple risk factors in the region such as endemicity of hepatitis B and significant contamination of foodstuff by aflatoxin in some areas. Another risk factor for HCC, chronic hepatitis C infection, in Asia is most significant in Japan, the only Asian country with more HCV than HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. As these risk factors can and are being modified by measures such as universal hepatitis B immunisation, successful treatment of HCV infections, reduction and improved surveillance of aflatoxin contamination of foodstuff, it is not surprising that the epidemiology of HCC in Asia is changing. All these are offset by the rising importance of NAFLD and NASH as chronic liver diseases and risk factors for HCC which contributes to the changing epidemiology of HCC in Asia.
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ISSN:1521-6918
1532-1916
DOI:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.09.007