Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes: From Genetics to the Molecular Basis of Hypertension and More

Background: Gitelman’s and Bartter’s syndromes (GS/BS) are rare genetic tubulopathies characterized by electrolyte imbalance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These syndromes have intriguing biochemical and hormonal abnormalities that lead them to be protected from h...

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Published inKidney & blood pressure research Vol. 47; no. 9; pp. 556 - 564
Main Authors Ravarotto, Verdiana, Bertoldi, Giovanni, Stefanelli, Lucia Federica, Nalesso, Federico, Calò, Lorenzo A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel, Switzerland S. Karger AG 01.10.2022
Karger Publishers
Subjects
Abnormalities
Aldosterone
Alkalosis
Angiotensin
Angiotensin II
Blood pressure
Chloride
Circadian rhythm
Context
COVID-19
Creatinine
Disorders
Diuretics
Electrolytes
Failure to thrive
Genes
Genetics
Hypertension
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
Kidney diseases
Metabolism
Molecular modelling
Morbidity
Mutation
Oxidative stress
Pandemics
Polyuria
Potassium
Renin
Review
Review Article
Salt
Sodium
Urine
Vasoconstriction
COVID-19
Gitelman’s syndrome
Bartter’s syndrome
Angiotensin signaling
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Summary:Background: Gitelman’s and Bartter’s syndromes (GS/BS) are rare genetic tubulopathies characterized by electrolyte imbalance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These syndromes have intriguing biochemical and hormonal abnormalities that lead them to be protected from hypertension and cardiovascular and renal remodeling. Summary: In this review, we explore the biochemical/molecular mechanisms induced by the activation of the RAAS and its counterregulatory arm which is particularly activated in GS/BS patients, in the context of blood pressure regulation. In addition, we report our findings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic where we observed GS/BS subjects being protected from infection. Key Messages: The intracellular pathways induced by Ang II, starting from induction of oxidative stress and vasoconstriction, are crucial for the progression toward cardiovascular-renal remodeling and might be useful targets in order to reduce/halt the progression of Ang II/oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular-renal morbidity in several diseases.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1420-4096
1423-0143
DOI:10.1159/000526070