Remodeling of the human skeletal muscle proteome found after long-term endurance training but not after strength training

• Published in: iScience Vol. 27; no. 1; p. 108638
• Main Authors: Emanuelsson, Eric B., Arif, Muhammad, Reitzner, Stefan M., Perez, Sean, Lindholm, Maléne E., Mardinoglu, Adil, Daub, Carsten, Sundberg, Carl Johan, Chapman, Mark A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 19.01.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Biological sciences; Health sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine; Omics; Medicine; Health sciences; Biological sciences; Omics
• ISSN: 2589-0042; 2589-0042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108638

Exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise training are not completely understood. We investigated the skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained, and untrained individuals and performed exercise- and sex-specific analyses. Of the 6,000+ proteins identified, >650 were differentially expressed in endurance-trained individuals compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% of the shared proteins with higher expression in both the male and female endurance groups were known mitochondrial. In contrast to the findings in endurance-trained individuals, minimal differences were found in strength-trained individuals and between females and males. Lastly, a co-expression network and comparative literature analysis revealed key proteins and pathways related to the health benefits of exercise, which were primarily related to differences in mitochondrial proteins. This network is available as an interactive database resource where investigators can correlate clinical data with global gene and protein expression data for hypothesis generation. [Display omitted] •Endurance-trained individuals display a vastly altered skeletal muscle proteome•Minimal muscle proteome differences between strength-trained and untrained humans•Few sex differences in the skeletal muscle proteome identified•8% of skeletal muscle gene-protein pairs were significantly correlated Biological sciences; Health sciences; Medicine; Omics