The Applications of Electrochemical Immunosensors in the Detection of Disease Biomarkers: A Review

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 28; no. 8; p. 3605
• Main Authors: Chen, Huinan, Zhang, Jialu, Huang, Rong, Wang, Dejia, Deng, Dongmei, Zhang, Qixian, Luo, Liqiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Antibodies; Antigens; Biological markers; Biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques; Cancer; China; Competition; COVID-19 - diagnosis; detection; Diagnosis; Diseases; Electric properties; electrochemical immunosensors; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Enzymes; Humans; Immunoassay; Immunology; Medical research; Medical screening; Methylene blue; nanomaterials; Prostate cancer; Proteins; Review; Viral antibodies; China; detection; nanomaterials; biomarkers; electrochemical immunosensors
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083605

Disease-related biomarkers may serve as indicators of human disease. The clinical diagnosis of diseases may largely benefit from timely and accurate detection of biomarkers, which has been the subject of extensive investigations. Due to the specificity of antibody and antigen recognition, electrochemical immunosensors can accurately detect multiple disease biomarkers, including proteins, antigens, and enzymes. This review deals with the fundamentals and types of electrochemical immunosensors. The electrochemical immunosensors are developed using three different catalysts: redox couples, typical biological enzymes, and nanomimetic enzymes. This review also focuses on the applications of those immunosensors in the detection of cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, novel coronavirus pneumonia and other diseases. Finally, the future trends in electrochemical immunosensors are addressed in terms of achieving lower detection limits, improving electrode modification capabilities and developing composite functional materials.