Effects of nutrition motivational intervention in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study in Naples, South Italy

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 1181
• Main Authors: Di Onofrio, Valeria, Gallé, Francesca, Di Dio, Mirella, Belfiore, Patrizia, Liguori, Giorgio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 17.10.2018; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Blood pressure; Body mass; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular diseases; Complications; Complications and side effects; Correlation analysis; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetics; Diagnosis; Diastolic pressure; Diet; Disease prevention; Education; Exercise; Food and nutrition; Fructose; Habits; Intervention; Lipids; Longitudinal studies; Management of chronic diseases; Meals; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrients; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutritional motivational intervention; Patients; Physical fitness; Prevention; Proteins; Public health; Quality of life; Registration; Risk factors; Sweeteners; Type 2 diabetes; Italy; United States > US; Type 2 diabetes; Management of chronic diseases; Nutritional motivational intervention
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6101-6

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a prion diminished quality of life, especially due to the severe complications that it implicates. Changing dietary habits is an absolute priority, as well as implementing nutritional motivational programs. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention in improving the health of patients affected by T2D. A total of 69 patients participated in a nine-months motivational program focused on the principles of the Mediterranean diet, the classes of nutrients, the distribution of the meals during the day and the dietary choices. During regular meetings, the patients were requested to fill out a questionnaire about their dietary habits and behaviours. Clinical and metabolic parameters were also analysed. At the end of the intervention the number of people who declared that they ate five meals a day (p = 0.006) and preferred to have fruit for snack (p = 0.004) increased, while there was a reduction in the use of sweeteners and an elimination of the use of fructose (p = 0.05). The total daily consumption of kilocalories (kcal) had been reduced and the percentages of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, after the intervention, follow the guidelines. In relation to this, a significant improvement (p < 0.05) was registered in systolic and diastolic pressure, BMI and waist circumference, as well as in glycaemic values (p = 0.018). A nutritional motivational intervention may be useful in improving dietary habits and health status of patients with T2D. We hope that a similar intervention will be applied in Campania and in other Italian regions. Registration number is ISRCTN11067689 ; date of registration: 10/09/2018. Retrospectively registered.