Serum cell-free DNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as a biomarker that may aid in differential diagnosis between cholangiocarcinoma and other biliary diseases

• Published in: Clinical epigenetics Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 39 - 10
• Main Authors: Wasenang, Wiphawan, Chaiyarit, Ponlatham, Proungvitaya, Siriporn, Limpaiboon, Temduang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany BioMed Central Ltd 04.03.2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Area Under Curve; Bile; Bile Duct Diseases - diagnosis; Bile Duct Diseases - genetics; Bile Duct Neoplasms - diagnosis; Bile Duct Neoplasms - genetics; Bile ducts; Biliary tract cancer; Biological markers; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Blood tests; Cancer; Cell Adhesion Molecules - genetics; Cell-free DNA; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Cellular proteins; Cholangiocarcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma - diagnosis; Cholangiocarcinoma - genetics; Diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic errors; Differential biomarker; Differential diagnosis; DNA; DNA Methylation; Epigenetics; Epithelial cells; Female; Genetic aspects; GPI-Linked Proteins - genetics; Homeodomain Proteins - genetics; Humans; Invasiveness; Male; Methylation; Misdiagnosis; MS-HRM; Neoplasm Proteins - genetics; Ovarian cancer; Patients; Sensitivity and Specificity; Surgery; MS-HRM; Cell-free DNA; DNA methylation; Misdiagnosis; Differential biomarker
• ISSN: 1868-7075; 1868-7083; 1868-7083; 1868-7075
• DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0634-0

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer of the bile duct epithelial cell lining. The misdiagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases may occur due to the similarity of clinical manifestations and blood tests resulting in inappropriate or delayed treatment. Thus, an accurate and less-invasive method for differentiating CCA from other biliary diseases is inevitable. We quantified methylation of OPCML, HOXA9, and HOXD9 in serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of CCA patients and other biliary diseases using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Their potency as differential biomarkers between CCA and other biliary diseases was also evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The significant difference of methylation levels of OPCML and HOXD9 was observed in serum cfDNA of CCA compared to other biliary diseases. Assessment of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as differential biomarkers of CCA and other biliary diseases showed the area under curve (AUC) of 0.850 (0.759-0.941) for OPCML which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 80.00%, 90.00%, 88.88%, 81.81%, and 85.00%, respectively. The AUC of HOXD9 was 0.789 (0.686-0.892) with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 67.50%, 90.00%, 87.09%, 73.46%, and 78.75%, respectively. The combined marker between OPCML and HOXD9 showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 62.50%, 100%, 100%, and 72.72%, respectively, which may be helpful to prevent a misdiagnosis between CCA and other biliary diseases. Our findings suggest the application of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 for differential diagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases due to its less invasiveness and clinically practical method which may benefit the patients by preventing the misdiagnosis of CCA and avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.