The Inhibitory Effects of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum ) and Its Bioactive Compounds on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 7; p. 1780
• Main Authors: Chyau, Charng-Cherng, Chu, Chin-Chen, Chen, Shih-Ying, Duh, Pin-Der
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.07.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipocytes - cytology; Adipocytes - drug effects; Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipogenesis; Adipogenesis - drug effects; Adipogenesis - genetics; Animals; betanin; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Cell Survival; Chenopodium; Chenopodium - chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum); Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Glycerol; Glycerol-3-phosphate; Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; High-performance liquid chromatography; Kaempferol; Kaempferols - pharmacology; lipid accumulation; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipids; Liquid chromatography; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rutin; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; adipogenesis; rutin; kaempferol; lipid accumulation; Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum); betanin
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071780

The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the role of the ethanolic extracts of Djulis ( , EECF) and its bioactive compounds in preventing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results demonstrated EECF significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM), triglyceride levels and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of the critical molecules involved in lipid synthesis such as PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c was attenuated in EECF-treated cells. According to HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, rutin, kaempferol, betanin and another nine compounds were present in EECF. The suppression of lipid accumulation by rutin, kaempferol and betanin occurred by decreasing the gene expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in EECF may partly account for the anti-adipogenesis of EECF and EECF is therefore a potentially lipid lowering functional food.