Regulatory signal transduction pathways for class IIa histone deacetylases

The class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, have crucial roles in the development of the immune system and other organs, including brain, heart, and muscle. In addition to their catalytic domain, they are characterized by a large amino-terminal extension. The amino-terminal domai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCurrent opinion in pharmacology Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 454 - 460
Main Authors Parra, Maribel, Verdin, Eric
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2010
Subjects
Brain
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism
Histone Deacetylases - metabolism
Humans
Immune System - physiology
Internal Medicine
Medical Education
Phosphorylation
Protein Transport
Repressor Proteins - metabolism
Signal Transduction
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Summary:The class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, have crucial roles in the development of the immune system and other organs, including brain, heart, and muscle. In addition to their catalytic domain, they are characterized by a large amino-terminal extension. The amino-terminal domain is subject to reversible phosphorylation, which controls their nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution. Unphosphorylated, class IIa HDACs remain in the nucleus, bound to chromatin, and repress transcription. Upon phosphorylation, they shuttle out of the nucleus, allowing derepression of their target genes. Thus, the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation is associated with derepression of target genes. Recent studies identified the kinases and phosphatases that regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa HDACs. Here we will summarize this rapidly evolving field with a particular focus on the immune system.
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ISSN:1471-4892
1471-4973
1471-4973
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.004