Higher Ratio of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Could Predict Outcomes in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 11; no. 6; p. e0157299
• Main Authors: Kim, Young-Il, Kim, Hyoung Sang, Park, Joong-Won
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 01.06.2016; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Aged; Alanine; Alanine transaminase; Alanine Transaminase - blood; alpha-Fetoproteins - analysis; Biology and life sciences; Blood tests; Cancer therapies; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - blood; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - complications; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - therapy; Chronic infection; Correlation analysis; Disease; Disease Progression; Etiology; Female; Gangrene; Hepacivirus - physiology; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B - blood; Hepatitis B - complications; Hepatitis B - virology; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus - physiology; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C - blood; Hepatitis C - complications; Hepatitis C - virology; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infections; Liver cancer; Liver Neoplasms - blood; Liver Neoplasms - complications; Liver Neoplasms - therapy; Logistic Models; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical imaging; Medical prognosis; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - methods; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - statistics & numerical data; Patients; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Regression analysis; Republic of Korea; Research and Analysis Methods; Viruses; α-Fetoprotein
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157299

The role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in the surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of serially measured serum AFP levels in HCC progression or recurrence after initial treatment. A total of 722 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with HCC and treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2004 and December 2009 were enrolled. The AFP ratios between 4-8 weeks post-treatment and those at the time of HCC progression or recurrence were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to correlate the post-treatment AFP ratios with the presence of HCC progression or recurrence. The etiology of HCC was related to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 562 patients (77.8%), chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 74 (10.2%), and non-viral cause in 86 (11.9%). There was a significant decrease in serum AFP levels from the baseline to 4 to 8 weeks after treatment (median AFP, 319.6 ng/mL vs. 49.6 ng/mL; p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that an AFP ratio > 1.0 was an independently associated with HCC progression or recurrence. Among the different causes of HCC analyzed, this association was significant only for HCC related to chronic hepatitis B (p< 0.001) and non-viral causes (p<0.05), and limited only to patients who had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Serial measurements of serum AFP ratios could be helpful in detecting progression or recurrence in treated patients with HBV-HCC and normal ALT.