Determination of total chlorine and bromine in solid wastes by sintering and inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 1258 - 1264
• Main Authors: Österlund, Heléne, Rodushkin, Ilia, Ylinenjärvi, Karin, Baxter, Douglas C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied Geology; Applied sciences; BROMINE; Bromine - analysis; Chemistry of Interfaces; CHLORINE; Chlorine - analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Gränsytors kemi; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; Mass Spectrometry - methods; MASS SPECTROSCOPY; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Other wastes and particular components of wastes; Pollution; SEWAGE SLUDGE; SINTERING; SODIUM CARBONATES; SOLID WASTES; TEMPERATURE RANGE 0400-1000 K; Tillämpad geologi; Waste Products - analysis; Wastes; ZINC OXIDES; Arsenic; Edible species; Chlorine; Sewage sludge; Nitric acid; Ion chromatography; Inductively coupled plasma; Sample preparation; Chlorides; Solid waste; Reference material; Ion exchange; Mass spectrometry; Quantitative analysis; Iodine
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.017

A sample preparation method based on sintering, followed by analysis by inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) for the simultaneous determination of chloride and bromide in diverse and mixed solid wastes, has been evaluated. Samples and reference materials of known composition were mixed with a sintering agent containing Na 2CO 3 and ZnO and placed in an oven at 560 °C for 1 h. After cooling, the residues were leached with water prior to a cation-exchange assisted clean-up. Alternatively, a simple microwave-assisted digestion using only nitric acid was applied for comparison. Thereafter the samples were prepared for quantitative analysis by ICP-SFMS. The sintering method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) and by comparison with US EPA Method 5050 and ion chromatography with good agreement. Median RSDs for the sintering method were determined to 10% for both chlorine and bromine, and median recovery to 96% and 97%, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) were 200 mg/kg for chlorine and 20 mg/kg for bromine. It was concluded that the sintering method is suitable for chlorine and bromine determination in several matrices like sewage sludge, plastics, and edible waste, as well as for waste mixtures. The sintering method was also applied for determination of other elements present in anionic forms, such as sulfur, arsenic, selenium and iodine.