Sharing the burden of financing adaptation to climate change

• Published in: Global environmental change Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 411 - 421
• Main Authors: Dellink, Rob, Elzen, Michel den, Aiking, Harry, Bergsma, Emmy, Berkhout, Frans, Dekker, Thijs, Gupta, Joyeeta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2009
• Subjects: Adaptation; Adaptation financing; Adaptation to change; Air pollution; Assessments; brazilian proposal; Burden-sharing; Climate change; co2 emissions; compensation; Conventions; Costs; countries; Environmental protection; Ethics; Financing methods; Historical responsibility; liability; Negotiations; policy; responsibility; targets; temperature increase; uncertainties; United Nations; Adaptation financing; Burden-sharing; Historical responsibility
• ISSN: 0959-3780; 1872-9495
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.07.009

Climate change may cause most harm to countries that have historically contributed the least to greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change. This paper identifies consequentialist and non-consequentialist ethical principles to guide a fair international burden-sharing scheme of climate change adaptation costs. We use these ethical principles to derive political principles – historical responsibility and capacity to pay – that can be applied in assigning a share of the financial burden to individual countries. We then propose a hybrid ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities’ approach as a promising starting point for international negotiations on the design of burden-sharing schemes. A numerical assessment of seven scenarios shows that the countries of Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change would bear the bulk of the costs of adaptation, but contributions differ substantially subject to the choice of a capacity to pay indicator. The contributions are less sensitive to choices related to responsibility calculations, apart from those associated with land-use-related emissions. Assuming costs of climate adaptation of USD 100 billion per year, the total financial contribution by the Annex I countries would be in the range of USD 65–70 billion per year. Expressed as a per capita basis, this gives a range of USD 43–82 per capita per year.