Fatty Acid Competition as a Mechanism by Which Enterobacter cloacae Suppresses Pythium ultimum Sporangium Germination and Damping-Off

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Published in	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 66; no. 12; pp. 5340 - 5347
Main Authors	van Dijk, Karin, Nelson, Eric B.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.12.2000
Subjects	Bacteria Bacteriology Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biological control Control Disease DNA Primers DNA Primers - genetics Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter cloacae - genetics Enterobacter cloacae - growth & development Enterobacter cloacae - physiology Fatty Acids Fatty Acids - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology fungal diseases of plants Fungal plant pathogens genes Genes, Bacterial genetics Germination Gossypium Gossypium - growth & development Gossypium - metabolism Gossypium - microbiology Gossypium hirsutum growth & development interspecific competition linoleic acid Linoleic Acid - metabolism lipid metabolism metabolism Microbiology Microorganisms Mutation nucleotide sequences pathogenicity Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains physiology Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Plant Diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant growth Plant Microbiology Pythium Pythium - pathogenicity Pythium ultimum seed germination seeds sporangia Competition Microorganism interrelationships Enterobacter cloacae Germination Biological control Suppression Phycomycetes Sporangium Metabolism Fatty acids Linoleic acid Fungi Pythium ultimum Bacteria Enterobacteriaceae Thallophyta
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Abstract	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM
AbstractList	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum , results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses of P. ultimum , we generated mutants of E. cloacae to evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of E. cloacae EcCT-501R3, Ec31 ( fadB ) and EcL1 ( fadL ), were reduced in β-oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadL complemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum -incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacae prevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections. Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses of P. ultimum, we generated mutants of E. cloacae to evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of E. cloacae EcCT-501R3, Ec31 (fadB) and EcL1 (fadL), were reduced in beta-oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadL complemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum-incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacae prevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections.Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses of P. ultimum, we generated mutants of E. cloacae to evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of E. cloacae EcCT-501R3, Ec31 (fadB) and EcL1 (fadL), were reduced in beta-oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadL complemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum-incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacae prevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections. Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and dvelopment. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses of P. ultimum, we generated mutants of E. cloacae to evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of Ecloacae EcCT-501R3, Ec31 (fadB) and EcL1 (fadL), were reduced in beta -oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadL complemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum-incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacae prevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections. Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses of P. ultimum, we generated mutants of E. cloacae to evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of E. cloacae EcCT-501R3, Ec31 (fadB) and EcL1 (fadL), were reduced in beta-oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadL complemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum-incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacae prevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections.
Author	Eric B. Nelson Karin van Dijk
AuthorAffiliation	Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4203
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4203
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Karin surname: van Dijk fullname: van Dijk, Karin organization: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4203 – sequence: 2 givenname: Eric B. surname: Nelson fullname: Nelson, Eric B. organization: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4203
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Copyright	2001 INIST-CNRS Copyright American Society for Microbiology Dec 2000 Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology 2000
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Keywords	Competition Microorganism interrelationships Enterobacter cloacae Germination Biological control Suppression Phycomycetes Sporangium Metabolism Fatty acids Linoleic acid Fungi Pythium ultimum Bacteria Enterobacteriaceae Thallophyta
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Notes	SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0665. Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Bldg., Ithaca, NY 14853-4203. Phone: (607) 255-7841. Fax: (607) 255-4471. E-mail: ebn1@cornell.edu.
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Snippet	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit... Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While... Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and dvelopment. While...
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SubjectTerms	Bacteria Bacteriology Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biological control Control Disease DNA Primers DNA Primers - genetics Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter cloacae - genetics Enterobacter cloacae - growth & development Enterobacter cloacae - physiology Fatty Acids Fatty Acids - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology fungal diseases of plants Fungal plant pathogens genes Genes, Bacterial genetics Germination Gossypium Gossypium - growth & development Gossypium - metabolism Gossypium - microbiology Gossypium hirsutum growth & development interspecific competition linoleic acid Linoleic Acid - metabolism lipid metabolism metabolism Microbiology Microorganisms Mutation nucleotide sequences pathogenicity Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains physiology Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Plant Diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant growth Plant Microbiology Pythium Pythium - pathogenicity Pythium ultimum seed germination seeds sporangia
Title	Fatty Acid Competition as a Mechanism by Which Enterobacter cloacae Suppresses Pythium ultimum Sporangium Germination and Damping-Off
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