Long-term adrenalectomy causes loss of dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus

• Published in: Experimental neurology Vol. 114; no. 2; pp. 246 - 249
• Main Authors: Sapolsky, Robert M., Stein-Behrens, Becky A., Armanini, Mark P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 1991; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adrenal Cortex Hormones - physiology; Adrenal Glands - physiology; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Endocrinopathies; Hippocampus - cytology; Male; Medical sciences; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Endocrinopathy; Adrenalectomy; Nervous system diseases; Treatment; Pathophysiology; Animal; Surgery; Lesion; Experimental surgery; Hippocampus
• ISSN: 0014-4886; 1090-2430
• DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(91)90041-A

A growing literature suggests that the hippocampus can be damaged by glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroids secreted during stress. Thus, considerable interest was generated by recent reports that prolonged elimination of glucocorticoids by adrenalectomy (ADX) damages hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons. To date, this phenomenon has only been observed in rats of peripubertal age or younger; moreover, reports differ considerably as to the magnitude of the damage induced. Therefore, we examined this issue in rats ADXd at 5 months of age. Three months later, there was a significant 26% loss of dentate neurons in a subset of rats. In agreement with these previous reports, this subset had attenuated weight gain and electrolyte imbalances, suggestive of complete removal of the adrenals and accessory adrenal tissue. As a novel observation, we also observed significant (19%) loss of CA4 pyramidal neurons. Thus, both severe under- or overexposure to glucocorticoids can be deleterious to a number of hippocampal neuron types.