Overcoming Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment by Vaccines in Solid Tumor

• Published in: Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 394
• Main Authors: Xie, Ya-Jia, Liu, Wen-Qian, Li, Dan, Hou, Jin-Cai, Coghi, Paolo Saul, Fan, Xing-Xing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antigens; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cancer vaccines; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Coronaviruses; COVID-19 vaccines; Cytokines; Dendritic cells; DNA viruses; Dosage and administration; Evaluation; FDA approval; Haplotypes; Human performance; Immune system; immunosuppressive TME; Immunotherapy; Lymphocytes; mRNA vaccines; nanovaccines; Pandemics; Peptides; Prevention; Prostate cancer; Proteins; Review; RNA viruses; solid tumor; Solid tumors; Tumor microenvironment; Tumors; Vaccines; China; immunosuppressive TME; nanovaccines; solid tumor; cancer vaccines; immunotherapy
• ISSN: 2076-393X; 2076-393X
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020394

Conventional vaccines are widely used to boost human natural ability to defend against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines attracted the most attention for anti-cancer therapy. According to the main components, it can be divided into five types: cell, DNA, RNA, peptide, and virus-based vaccines. They mainly perform through two rationales: (1) it trains the host immune system to protect itself and effectively eradicate cancer cells; (2) these vaccines expose the immune system to molecules associated with cancer that enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. In this review, we thoroughly summarized the potential strategies and technologies for developing cancer vaccines, which may provide critical achievements for overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment through vaccines in solid tumors.