Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

• Published in: Asian journal of andrology Vol. 17; no. 5; pp. 783 - 791
• Main Authors: Moyad, Mark A, Vogelzang, Nicholas J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01.09.2015; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Aspirin; Aspirin - therapeutic use; aspirin; diet; lifestyle; metformin; prostate cancer; statins; Cancer prevention; Complications and side effects; Dosage and administration; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Male; Metformin; Metformin - therapeutic use; Methods; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Prevention; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - prevention & control; Review; Risk factors; Statins; United States; United States
• ISSN: 1008-682X; 1745-7262
• DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.148070

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]) have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Future trials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be "deficient" in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent (s) to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.