Microbial and viral metagenomes of a subtropical freshwater reservoir subject to climatic disturbances

• Published in: The ISME Journal Vol. 7; no. 12; pp. 2374 - 2386
• Main Authors: Tseng, Ching-Hung, Chiang, Pei-Wen, Shiah, Fuh-Kwo, Chen, Yi-Lung, Liou, Jia-Rong, Hsu, Ting-Chang, Maheswararajah, Suhinthan, Saeed, Isaam, Halgamuge, Saman, Tang, Sen-Lin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.12.2013; Oxford University Press; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/158/1745; 631/326/171/1878; 631/326/2565/2142; 704/106; Abundance; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environment; Bacteria - genetics; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biodiversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Climate; Community structure; Cyclonic Storms; Ecology; Ecosystem; Environmental changes; Environmental factors; Evolutionary Biology; Fresh water; Fresh Water - microbiology; Fresh Water - virology; Freshwater ecosystems; Life Sciences; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microviridae; Natural environment; Original; original-article; Seasonal variations; Seasons; Summer; Typhoons; Virus Physiological Phenomena; Viruses - genetics; Viruses - ultrastructure; Water Microbiology; Winter; freshwater reservoir; metagenome; metavirome
• ISSN: 1751-7362; 1751-7370; 1751-7370
• DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.118

Extreme climatic activities, such as typhoons, are widely known to disrupt our natural environment. In particular, studies have revealed that typhoon-induced perturbations can result in several long-term effects on various ecosystems. In this study, we have conducted a 2-year metagenomic survey to investigate the microbial and viral community dynamics associated with environmental changes and seasonal variations in an enclosed freshwater reservoir subject to episodic typhoons. We found that the microbial community structure and the associated metagenomes continuously changed, where microbial richness increased after typhoon events and decreased during winter. Among the environmental factors that influenced changes in the microbial community, precipitation was considered to be the most significant. Similarly, the viral community regularly showed higher relative abundances and diversity during summer in comparison to winter, with major variations happening in several viral families including Siphoviridae , Myoviridae , Podoviridae and Microviridae . Interestingly, we also found that the precipitation level was associated with the terrestrial viral abundance in the reservoir. In contrast to the dynamic microbial community ( L -divergence 0.73±0.25), we found that microbial metabolic profiles were relatively less divergent ( L -divergence 0.24±0.04) at the finest metabolic resolution. This study provides for the first time a glimpse at the microbial and viral community dynamics of a subtropical freshwater ecosystem, adding a comprehensive set of new knowledge to aquatic environments.