Dose-Dependent Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Aged Olfactory Epithelium

• Published in: Frontiers in aging neuroscience Vol. 10; p. 385
• Main Authors: Ueha, Rumi, Kondo, Kenji, Ueha, Satoshi, Yamasoba, Tatsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 20.11.2018; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Aging; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Cell death; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; dose effects; Gene expression; Insulin; insulin-like growth factor 1; Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factors; Neurogenesis; Neuroscience; Odorant receptors; Olfaction; Olfactory epithelium; Olfactory receptor neurons; proliferation; Regeneration; United States > US; Japan; apoptosis; aging; proliferation; insulin-like growth factor 1; dose effects; olfactory receptor neurons
• ISSN: 1663-4365; 1663-4365
• DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00385

Olfaction is known to be impaired by aging. We hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) administered at an appropriate dose could prevent age-induced negative effects on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We explored the effects of low- and high-dose administration of IGF-1 on the ORN cell system in aged mice and investigated the involvement of the cellular mechanisms of IGF-1 in the regeneration of ORNs in aged mice. We subcutaneously administered recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) to 16-month-old male mice over 56 days, and then examined the histological effects of rhGF-1 on cellular composition, cell proliferation, and cell death in the aged olfactory epithelium (OE), by comparing among saline-treated and low- and high-dose rhIGF-1-treated mice. Low-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs in the OE, despite an increase in Cas3+ apoptotic cells. Notably, high-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of only immature ORNs, not olfactory progenitors and mature ORNs, with a concurrent increase in apoptotic cells. Our data suggest that in aged mice, IGF-1 administered at an appropriate dose could increase the number of mature ORNs and further human studies may contribute to the development of treatments for aging-related olfactory impairment.