Rapid resonance Raman microspectroscopy to probe carbon dioxide fixation by single cells in microbial communities

• Published in: The ISME Journal Vol. 6; no. 4; pp. 875 - 885
• Main Authors: Li, Mengqiu, Canniffe, Daniel P, Jackson, Philip J, Davison, Paul A, FitzGerald, Simon, Dickman, Mark J, Burgess, J Grant, Hunter, C Neil, Huang, Wei E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic microorganisms; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Carbon dioxide; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism; Carbon dioxide fixation; Carotenoids; Chemical analysis; Ecological function; Ecology; Ecophysiology; Evolutionary Biology; imaging; Life Sciences; Marine ecosystems; Marine environment; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Microalgae; Microbial activity; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Mixed culture; Natural environment; Original; original-article; Photosynthesis; Pigments; Probes; Resonance; Seawater; Seawater - microbiology; Single-Cell Analysis - methods; Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods; Synechococcus - metabolism; Synechocystis - metabolism; Water analysis; single cell; carotenoids; photosynthesis; Raman imaging; resonance Raman; carbon dioxide fixation
• ISSN: 1751-7362; 1751-7370
• DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.150

Photosynthetic microorganisms play crucial roles in aquatic ecosystems and are the major primary producers in global marine ecosystems. The discovery of new bacteria and microalgae that play key roles in CO 2 fixation is hampered by the lack of methods to identify hitherto-unculturable microorganisms. To overcome this problem we studied single microbial cells using stable-isotope probing (SIP) together with resonance Raman (RR) microspectroscopy of carotenoids, the light-absorbing pigments present in most photosynthetic microorganisms. We show that fixation of 13 CO 2 into carotenoids produces a red shift in single-cell RR (SCRR) spectra and that this SCRR–SIP technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect as little as 10% of 13 C incorporation. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of labelled cellular proteins verifies that the red shift in carotenoid SCRR spectra acts as a reporter of the 13 C content of single cells. Millisecond Raman imaging of cells in mixed cultures and natural seawater samples was used to identify cells actively fixing CO 2 , demonstrating that the SCRR–SIP is a noninvasive method for the rapid and quantitative detection of CO 2 fixation at the single cell level in a microbial community. The SCRR–SIP technique may provide a direct method for screening environmental samples, and could help to reveal the ecophysiology of hitherto-unculturable microorganisms, linking microbial species to their ecological function in the natural environment.