Xanthogranulomatous change in a leiomyoma: First report of an extremely rare variant/degenerative change

• Published in: Journal of Mid-life Health Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 60 - 62
• Main Authors: Pujani, Mukta, Singh, Kanika, Chauhan, Varsha, Khandelwal, Aparna, Chawla, Raina, Ahuja, Rashmi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.01.2023; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Wolters Kluwer - Medknow; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Case Report; histiocytes; leiomyoma; Macrophages; xanthogranulomatous change; xanthogranulomatous change; leiomyoma; Histiocytes
• ISSN: 0976-7800; 0976-7819
• DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_158_22

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, a specific form of chronic inflammation, is marked by parenchymal destruction, proliferative fibrosis, and infiltration of typical foamy histiocytes admixed with hemosiderin-laden macrophages and foreign-body giant cells. Myometrial xanthomatosis, a term designated for nodular or diffuse histiocytic hyperplasia of the myometrium, has been reported in association with pregnancy-related procedures. Moreover, a 2-3-fold increase in histiocytic counts has been observed in leiomyomatous areas than in adjacent normal myometrium. The first evidence of collections of lipid-laden macrophages was documented in the form of yellowish degeneration of uterine leiomyomas. We report a case of xanthogranulomatous change in a leiomyoma in a 47-year-old female who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xanthogranulomatous variant/degenerative change in a leiomyoma. This case highlights a new variant of leiomyoma which both gynecologists and pathologists should be aware of as it may pose a diagnostic challenge both clinically as well as pathologically.