Diagnostic methods and potential portable biosensors for coronavirus disease 2019

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 165; p. 112349
• Main Authors: Cui, Feiyun, Zhou, H. Susan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 01.10.2020
• Subjects: AI assisted diagnosis; Animals; antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - analysis; antibody detection; antibody formation; antigens; Antigens, Viral - analysis; artificial intelligence; Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification; biomarkers; Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation; Biosensing Techniques - methods; biosensors; Biosensors for virus detection; chest; Chromatography, Affinity - instrumentation; Chromatography, Affinity - methods; computed tomography; Coronavirus infections; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis; COVID-19; diagnostic techniques; disease control; electrochemistry; Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Equipment Design; Humans; immunoaffinity chromatography; Lateral flow immunochromatographic strip; Pandemics; patients; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction - instrumentation; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Raman spectroscopy; Reagent Strips - analysis; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RNA, Viral - analysis; saliva; SARS-CoV-2; screening; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; surface plasmon resonance; throat; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods; transistors; vaccines; COVID-19; Lateral flow immunochromatographic strip; SARS-CoV-2; Biosensors for virus detection; AI assisted diagnosis
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112349

Timely detection and diagnosis are urgently needed to guide epidemiological measures, infection control, antiviral treatment, and vaccine research. In this review, biomarkers/indicators for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment are summarized and discussed. It is concluded that the detection methods targeting antibodies are not suitable for screening of early and asymptomatic cases since most patients had an antibody response at about 10 days after onset of symptoms. However, antibody detection methods can be combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, and boost vaccine research. Fast, sensitive and accurate detection methods targeting antigens need to be developed urgently. Various specimens for diagnosis or detection are compared and analyzed. Among them, deep throat saliva and induced sputum are desired for RT-qPCR test or other early detection technologies. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan, RT-qPCR, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 are summarized and compared. Specially, potential electrochemical (EC) biosensor, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor and artificial intelligence (AI) assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 are emphasized. Finally, some commercialized portable detection device, current challenges and future directions are discussed. •Various biomarkers/indicators for diagnosis of COVID-19 or detection of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed.•Various specimens for diagnosis or detection are compared and analyzed.•CT scan, RT-qPCR, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip for diagnosis of COVID-19 are summarized and compared.•Potential EC biosensor, SERS-based biosensor, and AI assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 are emphasized.