Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 103; no. 46; pp. 17560 - 17563
• Main Authors: Gu, W, Regens, J.L, Beier, J.C, Novak, R.J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 14.11.2006; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Aerial locomotion; Animals; Anopheles; aquatic habitat; Aquatic habitats; Biological Sciences; Culicidae; Culicidae - growth & development; Culicidae - parasitology; Disease control; Disease transmission; Disease Transmission, Infectious - prevention & control; Ecosystem; Environmental management; Female; flight; Gonotrophic cycle; habitat preferences; insect control; insect vectors; Larva - growth & development; Larva - parasitology; larvae; Malaria; Malaria - parasitology; Malaria - prevention & control; Malaria - transmission; Modeling; Models, Biological; Mosquitoes; Mosquitos; Oviposition; Oviposition sites; Plasmodium - physiology; Reproduction; sexual reproduction; vector control
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608452103

Reduction of aquatic habitats through environmental management mitigates malaria transmission not only by reducing emergence of host-seeking mosquitoes, but also by increasing the amount of time required for vectors to locate oviposition sites. However, the consequence of source reduction on mosquito oviposition has largely been neglected in evaluations of environment-management programs. Here, by theoretically examining the relationship between the time spent for oviposition and the availability of aquatic habitats, we show that prolonged oviposition cycles induced by source reduction account for a great deal of reductions in the basic reproductive rate of malaria, especially when aquatic habitats are scarce and the mosquito's flight ability is limited. Neglecting this mechanism may lead to substantial underestimation of the impact of source reduction of aquatic habitats on malaria transmission. Our findings suggest that the prolonged duration of the gonotrophic cycle might be one of the important mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of environment-management interventions for malaria control.