High Ammonium Addition Changes the Diversity and Structure of Bacterial Communities in Temperate Wetland Soils of Northeastern China

• Published in: Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 2033
• Main Authors: Weng, Xiaohong, Wang, Mingyu, Sui, Xin, Frey, Beat, Liu, Yingnan, Zhang, Rongtao, Ni, Hongwei, Li, Maihe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Ammonium; Ammonium compounds; Ammonium paratungstate; Aquatic ecosystems; atmospheric nitrogen addition; Bacteria; bacterial diversity; Bar codes; Biological diversity; Biomass; Community structure; Composition; Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland; Dissolved organic carbon; Dissolved organic nitrogen; Ecosystems; Environmental aspects; Microbial colonies; Microbiological research; Microbiomes; Microorganisms; Moisture content; Moisture effects; Multidimensional scaling; network; Next-generation sequencing; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Nutrient cycles; Nutrient status; Organic nitrogen; Organic soils; Physicochemical properties; Soil microbiology; Soil microorganisms; Soil moisture; Soil structure; Water content; Wetlands; China; Germany
• ISSN: 2076-2607; 2076-2607
• DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082033

The soil microbiome is an important component of wetland ecosystems and plays a pivotal role in nutrient cycling and climate regulation. Nitrogen (N) addition influences the soil’s microbial diversity, composition, and function by affecting the soil’s nutrient status. The change in soil bacterial diversity and composition in temperate wetland ecosystems in response to high ammonium nitrogen additions remains unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to study the changes of soil bacterial diversity and community structure with increasing ammonium concentrations [CK (control, 0 kg ha−1 a−1), LN (low nitrogen addition, 40 kg ha−1 a−1), and HN (high nitrogen addition, 80 kg ha−1 a−1)] at a field experimental site in the Sanjiang Plain wetland, China. Our results showed that except for soil organic carbon (SOC), other soil physicochemical parameters, i.e., soil moisture content (SMC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), total nitrogen (TN), pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), changed significantly among three ammonium nitrogen addition concentrations (p < 0.05). Compared to CK, LN did not change soil bacterial α-diversity (p > 0.05), and HN only decreased the Shannon (p < 0.05) and did not change the Chao (p > 0.05) indices of soil bacterial community. Ammonium nitrogen addition did not significantly affect the soil’s bacterial community structure based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA (ADONIS) analyses. Acidobacteriota (24.96–31.11%), Proteobacteria (16.82–26.78%), Chloroflexi (10.34–18.09%), Verrucomicrobiota (5.23–11.56%), and Actinobacteriota (5.63–8.75%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the soils. Nitrogen addition changed the complexity and stability of the bacterial network. SMC, NO3−, and pH were the main drivers of the bacterial community structure. These findings indicate that enhanced atmospheric nitrogen addition may have an impact on bacterial communities in soil, and this study will allow us to better understand the response of the soil microbiome in wetland ecosystems in the framework of increasing nitrogen deposition.