Risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients

• Published in: Epidemiology and infection Vol. 139; no. 6; pp. 955 - 961
• Main Authors: RATTANAUMPAWAN, P., TOLOMEO, P., BILKER, W. B., FISHMAN, N. O., LAUTENBACH, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.06.2011
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobials; Bacteriology; Bias; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiovascular diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cephalosporins; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Cross Infection - microbiology; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug therapy; Enterococcus; Enterococcus - drug effects; Epidemiology; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Fluoroquinolones - therapeutic use; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology; HIV; Hospital-acquired infections; Hospitalization; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infections; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; Nosocomial infections; Predisposing factors; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Urinary tract infections; Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy; Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology; Urogenital system; Young Adult; USA, Pennsylvania; Enterococci; fluoroquinolone resistance; urinary tract infection; Enterococcus; Human; Resistance; Streptococcaceae; Lactic acid bacteria; Urinary tract infection; Urinary system disease; Risk factor; Bacteria; Micrococcales; Urinary tract disease; Epidemiology
• ISSN: 0950-2688; 1469-4409; 1469-4409
• DOI: 10.1017/S095026881000186X

Past studies exploring risk factors for fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) focused only on UTIs caused by Gram-negative pathogens. The epidemiology of FQ resistance in enterococcal UTIs has not been studied. We conducted a case-control study at two medical centres within the University of Pennsylvania Health System in order to identify risk factors for FQ resistance in enterococcal UTIs. Subjects with positive urine cultures for enterococci and meeting CDC criteria for healthcare-acquired UTI were eligible. Cases were subjects with FQ-resistant enterococcal UTI. Controls were subjects with FQ-susceptible enterococcal UTI and were frequency matched to cases by month of isolation. A total of 136 cases and 139 controls were included from 1 January 2003 to 31 March 2005. Independent risk factors [adjusted OR (95% CI)] for FQ resistance included cardiovascular diseases [2·24 (1·05–4·79), P=0·037], hospitalization within the past 2 weeks [2·08 (1·05–4·11), P=0·035], hospitalization on a medicine service [2·15 (1·08–4·30), P<0·030], recent exposure to β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) [14·98 (2·92–76·99), P<0·001], extended spectrum cephalosporins [9·82 (3·37–28·60), P<0·001], FQs [5·36 (2·20–13·05), P<0·001] and clindamycin [13·90 (1·21–10·49), P=0·035]. Use of BLIs, extended spectrum cephalosporins, FQs and clindamycin was associated with FQ resistance in enterococcal uropathogens. Efforts to curb FQ resistance should focus on optimizing use of these agents.