Mechanisms for persistence of acute and chronic feline calicivirus infections in the face of vaccination

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 141 - 156
• Main Authors: Pedersen, N.C., Floyd Hawkins, K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.11.1995; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: ACUTE COURSE; Acute Disease; Animal viral diseases; Animals; Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis; Antigenic Variation; Biological and medical sciences; Caliciviridae Infections - immunology; Caliciviridae Infections - prevention & control; Caliciviridae Infections - veterinary; Caliciviridae Infections - virology; Calicivirus; CALICIVIRUS FELIN; CALICIVIRUS FELINO; Calicivirus, Feline - classification; Calicivirus, Feline - immunology; Calicivirus, Feline - pathogenicity; California; Carrier State - immunology; Carrier State - veterinary; Cat Diseases - immunology; Cat Diseases - prevention & control; Cat Diseases - virology; CATS; CHAT; CHRONIC COURSE; Chronic Disease; Cross Reactions; FASE AGUDA; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GATO; Immune Sera - immunology; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Microbiology; PROCESO CRONICO; PROCESSUS AIGU; PROCESSUS CHRONIQUE; Saliva - virology; Serotyping - veterinary; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vaccination - veterinary; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies; Viral diseases; Viral Vaccines; Virology; Virulence; Virus Shedding; California; USA, California; Calicivirus; Feline calicivirus; Cross protection; Vaccination; Asymptomatic; Veterinary medicine; Caliciviridae; Cross reaction; Carrier; Humoral immunity; Fissipedia; Carnivora; Immune response; Antibody; Vaccine strain; Acute; Oral administration; Infection; Virus; Vertebrata; Chronic; Clinical stage; Mammalia; Sensitivity resistance; Immunogenicity; Persistent infection; Viral disease; Cat
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00101-F

The study was concerned with possible reasons for the persistence of both acute and chronic feline calicivirus (FCV)-induced disease and sustained oral carriage in the field in the face of routine FCV immunization. It was concluded from this study that: 1) the original FCV-F9 strain, which is the basis of most live vaccines, still generates cross-reactive antibodies against almost all field strains in California, 2) vaccine strains derived from FCV-F9 may not be as broadly cross-protective as the parent strain, 3) whole inactivated FCV-2280 vaccine evokes high virus neutralizing antibody titers with an equally broad spectrum of cross-reactivity as FCV-F9, 4) all vaccine strains of FCV cause acute disease signs and protracted oral shedding when administered orally, 5) strains isolated from the mouth five to ten weeks following oral inoculation can differ from parental virus, usually appearing more vaccine resistant, 6) cats previously infected with field or vaccine strains develop much less severe acute illness when subsequently infected with heterologous FCV strains but are not protected against the chronic carrier state. Therefore, the persistence of FCV in the field cannot be explained solely by the emergence of vaccine resistant strains and vaccine virus itself may contribute to both acute and chronic infection and disease.