Regulation of vitamin D homeostasis: implications for the immune system

• Published in: Nutrition reviews Vol. 66; no. 10; pp. S125 - S134
• Main Authors: Etten, Evelyne van, Stoffels, Katinka, Gysemans, Conny, Mathieu, Chantal, Overbergh, Lut
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Malden, USA Blackwell Publishing Inc 01.10.2008; Wiley; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1alpha-hydroxylase; 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism; biochemical mechanisms; Biological and medical sciences; Calcitriol - metabolism; Endocrine System - physiology; enzyme activity; Enzymes; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; homeostasis; human physiology; Humans; immune cells; immune response; Immune system; Immunity, Cellular - drug effects; Immunity, Cellular - physiology; Immunology; literature reviews; Nutrition; protective effect; Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism; Receptors, Calcitriol - physiology; signal transduction; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - immunology; Vitamin D - physiology; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; Enzyme; Steroid hormone; Cholecalciferol(1,25-dihydroxy); Hydroxylase; Homeostasis; immune cells; Vertebrata; Regulation(control); Mammalia; Vitamin D; 1alpha-hydroxylase; Oxidoreductases; Immune system
• ISSN: 0029-6643; 1753-4887
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00096.x

Vitamin D homeostasis in the immune system is the focus of this review. The production of both the activating (25- and 1α-hydroxylase) and the metabolizing (24-hydroxylase) enzymes by cells of the immune system itself, indicates that 1,25(OH)2D3 can be produced locally in immune reaction sites. Moreover, the strict regulation of these enzymes by immune signals is highly suggestive for an autocrine/paracrine role in the immune system, and opens new treatment possibilities.