Quantum Leaps in Human Biocultural Evolution and the Relationship to Cranial Capacity

• Published in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 4; p. 1030
• Main Author: Weber, Gerhard W
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Animal cognition; Archaeology; biocultural evolution; Biological evolution; Biological research; Biology, Experimental; Brain; Cognitive ability; cognitive performance; Cognitive tasks; cranial capacity; Cultural history; Cultural transmission; Evolution; Fossils; Gene-culture coevolution; Human evolution; intentional evolution; Size; Skull; stone tools; symbolic behavior; United Kingdom; biocultural evolution; cranial capacity; posthumanism; symbolic behavior; stone tools; cognitive performance; intentional evolution
• ISSN: 2075-1729; 2075-1729
• DOI: 10.3390/life13041030

The evolution of the genus can only be understood by considering both of the inheritance systems that interact to shape human nature: biology and culture. While growing intellectual abilities are a key factor of human evolution, they are rarely contrasted with cultural progress. Cranial capacity data of 193 hominin fossils from the last seven million years and artefacts of increasing number and complexity in the archaeological record are used to demonstrate the concordant progression of brain-size increase and cultural development, starting approximately two million years ago. Our biocultural evolution shows a number of quantum leaps along the time axis applying to both domains. At first, humans left the canonical evolutionary pathway, which pertains to all other organisms, by enhancing their fitness using sophisticated tools and fire; secondly, they turned into a symbolic species; and finally, humanity now faces a new challenge: "intentional evolution". Chronologically, these quantum leaps correspond to cranial capacity data used here as a proxy for cognitive performance. This contribution tries to demonstrate this parallel development and argues for a simple and generalized model of human biocultural evolution. An extrapolation of the model into the future shows that humans, as biological entities, will not necessarily persist.