Phytochemical Profiling and Antiviral Activity of Green Sustainable Nanoparticles Derived from Maesa indica (Roxb.) Sweet against Human Coronavirus 229E

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 15; p. 2813
• Main Authors: Abdelgawad, Fatma Alzahra M, El-Hawary, Seham S, Abd El-Kader, Essam M, Alshehri, Saad Ali, Rabeh, Mohamed Abdelaaty, El-Mosallamy, Aliaa E M K, El Raey, Mohamed A, El Gedaily, Rania A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.07.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antiviral activity; Antiviral agents; Biosynthesis; Caffeic acid; Cancer; Chlorogenic acid; Composition; Control; coronavirus 6; Coronaviruses; Coumaric acid; Cytotoxicity; Design and construction; Dihydroxybenzoic acid; Ellagic acid; Ferulic acid; Gallic acid; green synthesis 4; Health aspects; Ions; Kaempferol; LC-MS2; Maesa indica; Maesa indica 5; Materia medica, Vegetable; Metabolites; MRM 3; Nanoparticles; Naringenin; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Physiological aspects; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Quercetin; Rutin; Secondary metabolites; sustainable 1; Testing; Transmission electron microscopy; Vanillin; Viruses; X-ray diffraction; Zeta potential; Zinc oxide; Egypt; LC-MS2; MRM 3; green synthesis 4; coronavirus 6; sustainable 1; Maesa indica 5
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants12152813

Plant secondary metabolites are key components for new, safe and effective drugs. Ethanolic extract of Roxb. Sweet (ME) aerial parts were used for biosynthesis of sustainable green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with an average particle size 6.80 ± 1.47 nm and zeta potential -19.7 mV. Both transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction assay confirmed the hexagonal shape of ZnO NPs. Phenolic ingredients in ME were identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM revealing the identification of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, vanillin, naringenin, quercetin, ellagic acid, 3.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, methyl gallate, kaempferol, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and luteolin. The major compound was chlorogenic acid at concentration of 1803.84 μg/g. The antiviral activity of ME, ZnO NPs, and combination of ME with ZnO NPs against coronavirus 229E were investigated. ZnO NPs had superior antiviral effect against coronavirus 229E than ME while their combination showed the highest anti-coronavirus 229E effect, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC ) of 5.23 ± 0.18 µg/mL and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC ) of 138.49 ± 0.26 µg/mL while the selectivity index (SI) was 26.47. The current study highlighted the possible novel anti-coronavirus 229E activity of green ZnO NPs synthesized from . More studies are needed to further investigate this antiviral activity to be utilized in future biomedical and environmental applications.