The FADS1 rs174550 Genotype Modifies the n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA and Lipid Mediator Responses to a High Alpha‐Linolenic Acid and High Linoleic Acid Diets

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 66; no. 24; pp. e2200351 - n/a
• Main Authors: Meuronen, Topi, Lankinen, Maria A., Kolmert, Johan, de Mello, Vanessa Derenji, Sallinen, Taisa, Ågren, Jyrki, Virtanen, Kirsi A., Laakso, Markku, Wheelock, Craig E., Pihlajamäki, Jussi, Schwab, Ursula
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.12.2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Arachidonic acid; Biomarkers; Composition; Cytochrome; Cytochrome P450; Cytochromes P450; Desaturase; Diet; eicosanoid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Epoxides; FADS; Fatty acid composition; Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Health risks; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Linolenic acid; Lipids; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; octadecanoid; Plasma; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase; linoleic acid; eicosanoid; eicosapentaenoic acid; FADS; alpha-linolenic acid; octadecanoid
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200351

Scope The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, which is associated with biomarkers and risk of non‐communicable diseases, is regulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS). We investigated the interactions between dietary PUFAs and FADS1 rs174550 variant. Methods and results Participants (n = 118), homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 variant (TT and CC) followed a high alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA, 5 percent of energy (E‐%)) or a high linoleic acid (LA, 10 E‐%) diet during an 8‐week randomized controlled intervention. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and PUFA‐derived lipid mediators were quantified by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. The high‐LA diet increased the concentration of plasma LA, but not its lipid mediators. The concentration of plasma arachidonic acid decreased in carriers of CC and remained unchanged in the TT genotype. The high‐ALA diet increased the concentration of plasma ALA and its cytochrome P450‐derived epoxides and dihydroxys, and cyclooxygenase‐derived monohydroxys. Concentrations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and its mono‐ and dihydroxys increased only in TT genotype carriers. Conclusions These findings suggest the potential for genotype‐based recommendations for PUFA consumption, resulting in modulation of bioactive lipid mediators which can exert beneficial effects in maintaining health. This study aimed to explore the differences in the plasma fatty acid and lipid mediator concentrations in response to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between carriers of the FADS1 rs174550 TT and CC genotypes. Plasma concentrations of long‐chain PUFAs and their derived bioactive lipid mediators changed in a genotype dependent manner in response to linoleic and alpha‐linolenic acid enriched diets.