Role of Cellular Senescence in Type II Diabetes

• Published in: Endocrinology (Philadelphia) Vol. 162; no. 10; p. 1
• Main Authors: Narasimhan, Akilavalli, Flores, Rafael R, Robbins, Paul D, Niedernhofer, Laura J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 01.10.2021
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Adipose Tissue - pathology; Adipose tissues; Aging; Aging - metabolism; Animals; B cells; Beta cells; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Cell fate; Cellular Senescence; Complications; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diabetic Nephropathies - pathology; Diabetic Retinopathy - metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Endocrinology; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - metabolism; Immune System; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism; Mice; Mini-Review; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Phenotype; Phenotypes; Senescence; Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism; cellular senescence; senotherapeutics; Diabetes; aging; inflammation; obesity
• ISSN: 0013-7227; 1945-7170
• DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab136

Cellular senescence is a cell fate that occurs in response to numerous types of stress and can promote tissue repair or drive inflammation and disruption of tissue homeostasis depending on the context. Aging and obesity lead to an increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Senescent cells release a myriad of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors that directly mediate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which promote the onset of type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, hyperglycemia and metabolic changes seen in diabetes promote cellular senescence. Diabetes-induced cellular senescence contributes to various diabetic complications. Thus, type II diabetes is both a cause and consequence of cellular senescence. This review summarizes recent studies on the link between aging, obesity, and diabetes, focusing on the role of cellular senescence in disease processes.