Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation in the Aging Retina: Implication of Ferroptosis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Iron is an essential component in many biological processes in the human body. It is critical for the visual phototransduction cascade in the retina. However, excess iron can be toxic. Iron accumulation and reduced efficiency of intracellular antioxidative defense systems predispose the aging retina...

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Published inAging and disease Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 529 - 551
Main Authors Zhao, Tantai, Guo, Xiaojian, Sun, Yun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States JKL International 01.04.2021
JKL International LLC
Subjects
Aging
Cell death
Development and progression
Health aspects
Iron in the body
Lipid peroxidation
Macular degeneration
Physiological aspects
Retinal pigment epithelium
Review
China
iron
ferroptosis
retina
age-related macular degeneration
lipid peroxidation
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Summary:Iron is an essential component in many biological processes in the human body. It is critical for the visual phototransduction cascade in the retina. However, excess iron can be toxic. Iron accumulation and reduced efficiency of intracellular antioxidative defense systems predispose the aging retina to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by retinal iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The mechanisms underlying AMD include oxidative stress-mediated death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and subsequent death of retinal photoreceptors. Understanding the mechanism of the disruption of iron and redox homeostasis in the aging retina and AMD is crucial to decipher these mechanisms of cell death and AMD pathogenesis. The mechanisms of retinal cell death in AMD are an area of active investigation; previous studies have proposed several types of cell death as major mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death pathway, has been associated with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is initiated by lipid peroxidation and is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the aging retina and AMD, with an emphasis on ferroptosis.
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ISSN:2152-5250
2152-5250
DOI:10.14336/AD.2020.0912