Ultrasound research scanner for real-time synthetic aperture data acquisition

• Published in: IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Vol. 52; no. 5; pp. 881 - 891
• Main Authors: Jensen, J.A., Holm, O., Jerisen, L.J., Bendsen, H., Nikolov, S.I., Tomov, B.G., Munk, P., Hansen, M., Salomonsen, K., Hansen, J., Gormsen, K., Pedersen, H.M., Gammelmark, K.L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.05.2005; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Acoustic signal processing; Acoustics; Analog-Digital Conversion; Array signal processing; Computer Communication Networks; Computer Systems; Control systems; Data acquisition; Electronics, Medical; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); General equipment and techniques; Image Enhancement - instrumentation; Image Enhancement - methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - instrumentation; Image storage; Imaging; Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy; Matlab; Microcomputers; Miniaturization; Online Systems; Phantoms, Imaging; Phased arrays; Physics; Pipelines; Radar; Random access memory; Real time; Real time systems; Research - instrumentation; Research Design; Signal processing; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted - instrumentation; Software; Synthetic apertures; Transducers; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic transducers; Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound; Ultrasonography - instrumentation; Ultrasonography - methods; Ultrasound; System architecture; On line; B scan; Linear array; Random access memory; Image databank; Data storage; Phased array; Real time; Real time system; Beam forming; Linear antenna; Synthetic aperture; Signal processing; Clinical trial; Medical imagery; Tridimensional image; Acoustic antenna; Real time processing; Acoustic image; Ultrasonic transducer
• ISSN: 0885-3010; 1525-8955
• DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1503974

Conventional ultrasound systems acquire ultrasound data sequentially one image line at a time. The architecture of these systems is therefore also sequential in nature and processes most of the data in a sequential pipeline. This often makes it difficult to implement radically different imaging strategies on the platforms and makes the scanners less accessible for research purposes. A system designed for imaging research flexibility is the prime concern. The possibility of sending out arbitrary signals and the storage of data from all transducer elements for 5 to 10 seconds allows clinical evaluation of synthetic aperture and 3D imaging. This paper describes a real-time system specifically designed for research purposes. The system can acquire multichannel data in real-time from multi-element ultrasound transducers, and can perform some real-time processing on the acquired data. The system is capable of performing real-time beamforming for conventional imaging methods using linear, phased, and convex arrays. Image acquisition modes can be intermixed, and this makes it possible to perform initial trials in a clinical environment with new imaging modalities for synthetic aperture imaging, 2D and 3D B-mode, and velocity imaging using advanced coded emissions. The system can be used with 128-element transducers and can excite 128 transducer elements and receive and sample data from 64 channels simultaneously at 40 MHz with 12-bit precision. Two-to-one multiplexing in receive can be used to cover 128 receive channels. Data can be beamformed in real time using the system's 80 signal processing units, or it can be stored directly in RAM. The system has 16 Gbytes RAM and can, thus, store more than 3.4 seconds of multichannel data. It is fully software programmable and its signal processing units can also be reconfigured under software control. The control of the system is done over a 100-Mbits/s Ethernet using C and Matlab. Programs for doing, e.g., B-mode imaging can be written directly in Matlab and executed on the system over the net from any workstation running Matlab. The overall system concept is presented along with its implementation and examples of B-mode and in vivo synthetic aperture flow imaging.