The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Chronic Diseases

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and ce...

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Published inAging and disease Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 637 - 651
Main Authors Tu, Wenjun, Wang, Hong, Li, Song, Liu, Qiang, Sha, Hong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States JKL International 01.06.2019
JKL International LLC
Subjects
Anti-inflammatory agents
Antioxidants (Nutrients)
B cells
Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Chronic diseases
Free radicals
Genes
Genetic aspects
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Liver
Metabolites
Nervous system diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
Oxidative stress
Physiological aspects
Review
Transcription (Genetics)
China
Oxidative stress
Reactive oxygen species
Keap1/Nrf2/ARE
Anti-oxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Low-level laser irradiation
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Summary:Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and cells, with hence posing a potential adverse impact on the whole organism. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway, which regulates the transcription of many several antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The redox-sensitive signaling system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress, inflammatory, carcinogenic, and pro-apoptotic conditions, which allows us to consider it as a pharmacological target. Herein, we review and discuss the recent advancements in the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, and its role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, e.g. such as in exercise, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, liver and kidney system, etc. and such.
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These authors contributed equally to this study.
ISSN:2152-5250
2152-5250
DOI:10.14336/AD.2018.0513