Effect of carvedilol and metoprolol on the mode of death in patients with heart failure

• Published in: European journal of heart failure Vol. 9; no. 11; pp. 1128 - 1135
• Main Authors: Remme, Willem J., Cleland, John G., Erhardt, Leif, Spark, Phillip, Torp-Pedersen, Christian, Metra, Marco, Komajda, Michel, Moullet, Christine, Lukas, Mary Ann, Poole-Wilson, Philip, Di Lenarda, Andrea, Swedberg, Karl
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2007; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - therapeutic use; Aged; beta-blockade; Carbazoles - therapeutic use; Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems; cardiovascular mortality; Cause of Death; Chi-Square Distribution; circulatory failure death; Clinical Medicine; Double-Blind Method; Female; heart failure; Heart Failure - drug therapy; Heart Failure - mortality; Heart Failure/drug therapy/mortality; Humans; Kardiologi; Klinisk medicin; Male; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metoprolol - therapeutic use; Middle Aged; Propanolamines - therapeutic use; Proportional Hazards Models; stroke death; sudden death; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; β-blockade; Heart failure; Circulatory failure death; Stroke death; Sudden death; β-blockade; Cardiovascular mortality
• ISSN: 1388-9842; 1879-0844; 1879-0844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.07.014

Background In the COMET study, carvedilol improved survival compared to metoprolol tartrate in 3029 patients with NYHA II-IV heart failure and EF <35%, followed for an average of 58months. Aims To evaluate whether the effect on overall mortality was specific for a particular mode of death. This may help to identify the mechanism of the observed difference. Methods Of the 1112 total deaths, 972 were adjudicated as cardiovascular, including 480 sudden, 365 circulatory failure (CF) and 51 stroke deaths. For each mode of death, the effect of pre-specified baseline variables was assessed, including sex, age, NYHA class, aetiology, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, EF, atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction or hypertension, renal function, concomitant medication, and study treatment allocation. Results In multivariate Cox regression analyses, compared to metoprolol, carvedilol reduced cardiovascular (RR 0.80, CI 0.7−0.91, p=0.0009), sudden (RR 0.77, CI 0.64−0.93, p=0.0073) and stroke deaths (RR 0.37, CI 0.19−0.71, p=0.0027) with a non-significant trend for CF death (RR 0.83, CI 0.66−1.04, p=0.07). Treatment benefit with carvedilol did not differ between modes of death, except for a greater reduction in stroke death with carvedilol (competing risk analysis, p=0.0071 vs CF death). There were no interactions between treatment allocation and baseline characteristics. Conclusion Mortality reduction with carvedilol compared to metoprolol appears relatively non-specific and could be consistent with a superior effect of carvedilol on cardiac function, arrhythmias or, in view of the greater reduction in stroke deaths, on vascular events.