淮河中游沉积物中黏土矿物组合特征

• Published in: Hăiyang dĭzhĭ yu dĭsĭjĭ dĭzhĭ Vol. 31; no. 1; p. 21
• Main Authors: ZHANG Junqiang, LIU, Jian, KONG Xianghuai, XUE Chunting, LIU Xinbo, SUN, Lisha, Baojing, YUE, WEN, Chun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Beijing Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology 01.01.2011
• Subjects: Chlorite; Clay; Clay minerals; Climate; Drainage; Drainage area; Drainage basins; Fluvial deposits; Fluvial sediments; Illite; Illites; Kaolinite; Lithology; Loess; Metamorphic rocks; Mineral assemblages; Mineral composition; Minerals; River basins; Rivers; Sediment; Sediments; Smectites; Transition zone; Tributaries; Weathering; X-ray diffraction; Yangtze River; Yellow River; Huaihe River
• ISSN: 0256-1492
• DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.01021

采用X射线衍射物相分析,对淮河中游河床表层沉积物中的主要黏土矿物含量组成进行分析。研究结果表明淮河中游沉积物的黏土矿物组合为伊利石(52.3%)-高岭石(17.0%)-蒙脱石(16.8%)-绿泥石(13.9%)型。淮河中游沉积物黏土矿物与长江、黄河沉积物黏土矿物相比,兼具黄河沉积物富蒙脱石的特征和长江沉积物富高岭石的特征。其伊利石与蒙脱石的比值均在6以下,与黄河沉积物接近;高岭石与绿泥石比值在1以上,与长江沉积物接近。淮河流域地处中国南北气候过渡带、长江流域与黄河流域之间,流域两侧气候和地质背景的差异是形成淮河中游沉积物黏土矿物组合的主要原因。淮河以南地区气候接近长江流域,其沉积物主要是秦岭-大别山造山带岩石在以化学风化为主的风化条件下形成的,沉积物黏土矿物中高岭石含量比较高;淮河以北地区气候接近黄河流域,其沉积物主要是黄土、黄泛沉积物和黄河冲积物在以物理风化为主的风化条件下形成的,因此,沉积物黏土矿物中蒙脱石含量比较高。