Diagnostic yield of active case finding for tuberculosis and HIV at the household level in slums in Haiti

• Published in: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 1140 - 1146
• Main Authors: Rivera, V. R., Jean-Juste, M-A., Gluck, S. C., Reeder, H. T., Sainristil, J., Julma, P., Peck, M., Joseph, P., Ocheretina, O., Perodin, C., Secours, R., Duran-Mendicuti, M., Hashiguchi, L., Cremieux, P. Y., Koenig, S. P., Pape, J. W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 01.11.2017; International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD)
• Subjects: Acf; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Cough; Cough - diagnosis; Cough - etiology; Diagnostic systems; Female; Haiti; Haiti - epidemiology; HIV; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV Infections - epidemiology; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Humans; Infections; Kaposi's sarcoma; Male; Mass Screening - methods; Patients; Poverty Areas; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma; Slums; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Tuberculosis - epidemiology; Viruses; Xpert® MTB/RIF; Young Adult; Haiti
• ISSN: 1027-3719; 1815-7920
• DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0049

SETTING: Haiti has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the Americas, with an estimated prevalence of 254 per 100 000 population. The Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes, GHESKIO) conducted active case finding (ACF) for TB at the household level in nine slums in Port-au-Prince.OBJECTIVE: We report on the prevalence of undiagnosed TB detected through GHESKIO's ACF campaign.DESIGN: From 1 August 2014 to 31 July 2015, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using GHESKIO's ACF campaign data. All individuals who reported chronic cough (cough 2 weeks) were tested for TB at GHESKIO, and those aged 10 years were included in the analyses.RESULTS: Of 104 097 individuals screened in the community, 5598 (5%) reported chronic cough and satisfied the study inclusion criteria. A total of 1110 (20%) were diagnosed with active TB disease (prevalence of 1066/100 000). Of the 5472 (98%) patients tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 528 (10%) were HIV-positive; 143 (3%) patients were diagnosed with both diseases.CONCLUSION: Household-level screening for cough with TB and HIV testing for symptomatic patients was a high-yield strategy, leading to the detection of a prevalence of undiagnosed disease exceeding national estimates by more than four-fold for TB, and by five-fold for HIV.