Endostatin gene therapy stimulates upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma model

• Published in: Cancer gene therapy Vol. 19; no. 8; pp. 558 - 565
• Main Authors: Chaves, K C B, Peron, J P S, Chammas, R, Turaça, L T, Pesquero, J B, Braga, M S, Foguer, K, Schor, N, Bellini, M H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.08.2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/67/69; 692/699/67/589/1588/1351; 692/700/565/201; Animals; Antitumor activity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Carcinoma, Renal cell; Carcinoma, Renal Cell - genetics; Carcinoma, Renal Cell - therapy; Care and treatment; CD34 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; CD8 antigen; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; Cell adhesion molecules; Cell lines; Cell survival; Collagen; Endostatin; Endostatins - genetics; Endostatins - therapeutic use; Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Flow cytometry; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Therapy; Genetic Therapy; Health aspects; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - genetics; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism; Kidney cancer; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic system; Lymphocytes T; Metastases; Metastasis; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; mRNA; Neoplasms, Experimental - genetics; Neoplasms, Experimental - therapy; Neovascularization, Pathologic - genetics; Neovascularization, Pathologic - therapy; NIH 3T3 Cells; original-article; Physiological aspects; Renal cell carcinoma; Spleen; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - genetics; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism; γ-Interferon; orthotopic metastatic model; VCAM-1; ICAM-1; RCC; endostatin
• ISSN: 0929-1903; 1476-5500
• DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.32

One of the greatest challenges in urological oncology is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is the third leading cause of death in genitourinary cancers. RCCs are highly vascularized and respond positively to antiangiogenic therapy. Endostatin (ES) is a fragment of collagen XVIII that possesses antiangiogenic activity. In this study, we examined the potential of ES-based antiangiogenic therapy to activate tumor-associated endothelial cells in metastatic RCC (mRCC). Balb/c-bearing Renca cells were treated with NIH/3T3-LendSN or, as a control, with NIH/3T3-LXSN cells. The T-cell subsets and lymphocyte populations of tumors, mediastinal lymph nodes and the spleen were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was assessed by real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. ES gene therapy led to an increase in the percentage of infiltrating CD4-interferon (IFN)-γ cells ( P <0.05), CD8-IFN-γ cells ( P <0.01) and CD49b-tumor necrosis factor-α cells ( P <0.01). In addition, ES therapy caused an increase at the mRNA level of ICAM-1 (1.4-fold; P <0.01) and VCAM-1 (1.5-fold) (control vs treated group; P <0.001). Through flow cytometry, we found a significant increase in the CD34/ICAM-1 cells (8.1-fold; P <0.001) and CD34/VCAM-1 cells (1.6-fold; P <0.05). ES gene therapy induced a significant increase in both T CD4 and CD8 cells in the lymph nodes and the spleen, suggesting that ES therapy may facilitate cell survival or clonal expansion. CD49b cells were also present in increased quantities in all of these organs. In this study, we demonstrate an antitumor inflammatory effect of ES in an mRCC model, and this effect is mediated by an increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells.