Effects of GH/IGF axis on bone and cartilage

• Published in: Molecular and cellular endocrinology Vol. 519; p. 111052
• Main Authors: Dixit, Manisha, Poudel, Sher Bahadur, Yakar, Shoshana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Bone; Bone and Bones - metabolism; bone density; Bone Development; Cartilage; Cartilage - metabolism; extracellular matrix; gene targeting; Growth hormone; Growth Hormone - metabolism; Humans; insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism; Insulin-like growth factor-1; metabolism; Osteoarthritis - metabolism; Osteoarthritis - pathology; proteinases; skeleton; somatotropin; Insulin-like growth factor-1; Cartilage; Bone; Growth hormone
• ISSN: 0303-7207; 1872-8057; 1872-8057
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111052

Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulate somatic growth, metabolism and many aspects of aging. As such, actions of GH/IGF have been studied in many tissues and organs over decades. GH and IGF-1 are part of the hypothalamic/pituitary somatotrophic axis that consists of many other regulatory hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. In humans, GH/IGF actions peak during pubertal growth and regulate skeletal acquisition through stimulation of extracellular matrix production and increases in bone mineral density. During aging the activity of these hormones declines, a state called somatopaguss, which associates with deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. In this review, we will focus on GH/IGF-1 action in bone and cartilage. We will cover many studies that have utilized congenital ablation or overexpression of members of this axis, as well as cell-specific gene-targeting approaches used to unravel the nature of the GH/IGF-1 actions in the skeleton in vivo. •GH/IGF axis plays central roles in skeletal growth and mineral acquisition.•Cells of the osseous system express the GHR and the IGF-1R and secrete IGF-1 that acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.•GH/IGF stimulate proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, thus mediating linear bone growth.•IGF-1 enhances OB differentiation, collagen secretion, and bone matrix mineralization.•IGF-1 couples OB-induced bone formation and OCL-mediated bone resorption via activation of the ephrinB2/Eph4 system.