Treatment to Prevent Transmission of HIV-1

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by reducing the concentration of HIV in blood and genital secretions. Indeed, mathematical models with favorable assumptions suggest the potential of ART to stop the spread of HIV infection. Emp...

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Published inClinical infectious diseases Vol. 50; no. Supplement-3; pp. S85 - S95
Main Authors Cohen, Myron S., Gay, Cynthia L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States The University of Chicago Press 15.05.2010
University of Chicago Press
Oxford University Press
Subjects
African art
AIDS
Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretrovirals
Art therapy
Arts
Disease prevention
Disease transmission
Disease Transmission, Infectious - prevention & control
Drug therapy
Early Diagnosis
HIV
HIV 1
HIV infections
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - prevention & control
HIV Infections - transmission
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Sexual transmission
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Summary:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by reducing the concentration of HIV in blood and genital secretions. Indeed, mathematical models with favorable assumptions suggest the potential of ART to stop the spread of HIV infection. Empirical results from ecological and population-based studies and from several short-term observational studies involving HIV status-discordant heterosexual couples suggest that ART reduces the rate of HIV transmission. A multinational, randomized, controlled trial (National Institutes of Health HPTN052) examining the reliability and durability of ART as prevention of transmission in HIV status-discordant couples is under way. The latter and other studies also consider sexual risk-taking behavior and transmission of HIV-resistant variants when ART is used as prevention. Early HIV detection and treatment (ie, test and treat) are being considered as an important prevention strategy. In this article, we review the data supporting the use of ART to prevent HIV transmission and critically examine the public health implications of this strategy.
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ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1086/651478