An Analytical Study on Gender Differences in Self-Reported Oral Health Care and Problems of Japanese Employees

• Published in: Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 104 - 111
• Main Authors: Kawamura, Makoto, Wright, Fredrick Allan Clive, Sasahara, Hisako, Yamasaki, Yukiko, Suh, Sookja, Iwamoto, Yoshifumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese; English
• Published: Tokyo JAPAN SOCIETY FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 01.04.1999; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Dentistry; Employees; Gender differences; Japan; Males; Mantel‐Haenszel chi‐square test; Occupational health; Oral health care; Oral hygiene; Questionnaire; Self report
• ISSN: 1341-9145; 1348-9585; 1348-9585
• DOI: 10.1539/joh.41.104

The purpose of this survey was to clarify gender differences in self-reported oral health care and problems of Japanese employees. A 60-item questionnaire named Dental Checker(R) was used in a project on oral health in the working place. Subjects were 77,845 Japanese employees (males, 52,345; females, 25,500). The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test was used to clarify gender differences among respondents. Of great significance was a finding that 81.8% of females felt uncomfortable when they slept without brushing their teeth, as contrast with 58.8% of males (P<0.001, OR=3.22). Nearly one half of male employees answered that they were too busy to go to the dentist, while 36.8% of females answered in this way (P<0.001, OR=1.83). Only a minority reported occasional use of dental floss (males; 13.2%, females; 24.9%, P<0.001, OR=2.04). Significant gender differences were found for all 18 behavioral items, and in each case, females generally reported healthier behavior than males. Although differences between genders were small with respect to their assessment of the risk factors of periodontal disease, male employees were more likely to report bad breath, enlarged spaces between teeth, food impaction, chewing restriction, and tooth mobility than females (P<0.001, OR=1.26-1.78). Findings suggest that gender as well as age remains an important consideration when planning dental health education or other interventions at the workplace.