The Relationship between a New Biomarker of Vagal Neuroimmunomodulation and Survival in Two Fatal Cancers

• Published in: Journal of Immunology Research Vol. 2018; no. 2018; pp. 1 - 5
• Main Authors: Van Laethem, J. L., De Greve, J., Schallier, D., De Couck, M., Gidron, Y., Maréchal, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2018; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited; Wiley
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Belgium; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - metabolism; Breast cancer; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - diagnosis; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality; Chemotherapy; Epidemiology; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Immunology; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis; Lung Neoplasms - mortality; Male; Medical prognosis; Medical records; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Nervous system; Neuroimmunomodulation; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; Oxidative stress; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Pancreatic Neoplasms - mortality; Patients; Prognosis; Proteins; Radiation therapy; Retrospective Studies; Studies; Survival Analysis; Tumorigenesis; Vagus nerve; Vagus Nerve - physiology; Variables; Belgium
• ISSN: 2314-8861; 2314-7156
• DOI: 10.1155/2018/4874193

Background. The vagus nerve may slow tumor progression because it inhibits inflammation. This study examined the relationship between a new vagal neuroimmunomodulation (NIM) index and survival in fatal cancers. Method. We retroactively derived markers of vagal nerve activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), specifically the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), from patients’ electrocardiograms near diagnosis. The NIM index was the ratio of RMSSD to C-reactive protein levels (RMSSD/CRP). Sample 1 included 202 Belgian patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC), while sample 2 included 71 Belgian patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In both samples, we examined the overall survival, while in sample 2, we additionally examined the survival time in deceased patients. Results. In PC patients, in a multivariate Cox regression controlling for confounders, the NIM index had a protective relative risk (RR) of 0.68 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.51–0.92. In NSCLC patients, the NIM index also had a protective RR of 0.53 and 95% CI of 0.32–0.88. Finally, in NSCLC, patients with a higher NIM index survived more days (475.2) than those with lower NIM (285.1) (p<0.05). Conclusions. The NIM index, reflecting vagal modulation of inflammation, may be a new independent prognostic biomarker in fatal cancers.