Correlates for disease progression and prognosis during concurrent HIV/TB infection

• Published in: International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 289 - 299
• Main Authors: Djoba Siawaya, Joel Fleury, Ruhwald, Morten, Eugen-Olsen, Jesper, Walzl, Gerhard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2007; Elsevier
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Concurrent infection; Cytokines - immunology; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Disease Progression; HIV; HIV - immunology; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - immunology; HIV Infections - microbiology; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immune correlates; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Infectious Disease; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology; Prognosis; Progression; Pulmonary/Respiratory; Tuberculosis - complications; Tuberculosis - drug therapy; Tuberculosis - immunology; Tuberculosis - virology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Progression; Prognosis; HIV; Concurrent infection; Immune correlates; TB; Mixed infection; Right; Necrosis; Bacteria; Evolution; Tumor; Immunopathology; Retroviridae; AIDS; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Infection; Virus; Treatment; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacteriales; Viral disease; Mycobacteriaceae; Actinomycetes; Human immunodeficiency virus
• ISSN: 1201-9712; 1878-3511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.02.001

Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both life-threatening pathogens in their own right, but their synergic effects on the immune system during co-infection markedly enhance their effect on the host. This review focuses on the bidirectional interaction between HIV and Mtb and discusses the relevance of sputum smear examination, CD4+ counts, viral load at baseline and after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy, as well as additional existing and new potential immune correlates of disease progression and prognosis. These markers include β2-microglobulin, neopterin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), CD8+/CD38+, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and CXCL10 (or IP-10).