Impact of Sex and Genetic Variation in Relevant Pharmacogenes on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Valsartan, Olmesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 20; p. 15265
• Main Authors: Soria-Chacartegui, Paula, Zubiaur, Pablo, Ochoa, Dolores, Navares-Gómez, Marcos, Abbes, Houwaida, Villapalos-García, Gonzalo, de Miguel, Alejandro, González-Iglesias, Eva, Rodríguez-Lopez, Andrea, Mejía-Abril, Gina, Martín-Vilchez, Samuel, Luquero-Bueno, Sergio, Román, Manuel, Abad-Santos, Francisco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: ABCB1 and SLC22A1; Antihypertensive Agents - adverse effects; Antihypertensive Agents - pharmacokinetics; Antihypertensives; Bioavailability; Biogeography; Blood pressure; Dizziness - chemically induced; Dizziness - drug therapy; Drug dosages; Drug therapy; Enzymes; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype & phenotype; Heart rate; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydrochlorothiazide - adverse effects; Hypertension - chemically induced; Hypertension - drug therapy; Hypertension - genetics; olmesartan; Patient compliance; pharmacogenetics; Pharmacokinetics; Tetrazoles - adverse effects; Urine; Valsartan; Valsartan - adverse effects; Spain; valsartan; olmesartan; ABCB1 and SLC22A1; pharmacogenetics; hydrochlorothiazide
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015265

Drug combination therapy is the most common pharmacological strategy for hypertension management. No pharmacogenetic biomarkers for guiding hypertension pharmacotherapy are available to date. The study population were 64 volunteers from seven bioequivalence trials investigating formulations with valsartan, olmesartan and/or hydrochlorothiazide. Every volunteer was genotyped for 10 genetic variants in different transporters' genes. Additionally, valsartan-treated volunteers were genotyped for 29 genetic variants in genes encoding for different metabolizing enzymes. Variability in pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum concentration (C ) and time to reach it (t ), the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and blood pressure measurements were analyzed as a function of pharmacogenetic and demographic parameters. Individuals with the rs1045642 T/T genotype were associated with a higher valsartan t compared to those with T/G and G/G genotypes ( < 0.001, β = 0.821, R = 0.459) and with a tendency toward a higher postural dizziness incidence (11.8% vs. 0%, = 0.070). A higher hydrochlorothiazide dose/weight (DW)-corrected area under the curve (AUC /DW) was observed in rs34059508 G/A volunteers compared to G/G volunteers ( = 0.050, β = 1047.35, R = 0.051), and a tendency toward a higher postural dizziness incidence (50% vs. 1.6%, = 0.063). Sex impacted valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide pharmacokinetics, showing a lower exposure in women, whereas no significant differences were found for olmesartan pharmacokinetics.