Technological Development and Application of Plant Genetic Transformation

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 13; p. 10646
• Main Authors: Su, Wenbin, Xu, Mingyue, Radani, Yasmina, Yang, Liming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.06.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Agrobacterium; Agrobacterium - genetics; Comparative analysis; DNA binding proteins; Ectopic expression; Efficiency; Electroporation; Explants; Flowers & plants; Functional analysis; Gene transfer; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genetic research; Genetic transformation; Genomes; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Innovations; Methods; Nanoparticles; Neomycin; Organogenesis; Particle bombardment; Plant Breeding; plant genetic transformation; Plant genetics; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics; Plasmids; Pollen tubes; Population growth; Review; Silicon carbide; Somatic embryogenesis; Transcription factors; Transformation, Genetic; Transformations; Transgenic plants; particle bombardment; Agrobacterium; nanoparticles; plant genetic transformation
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310646

Genetic transformation is an important strategy for enhancing plant biomass or resistance in response to adverse environments and population growth by imparting desirable genetic characteristics. Research on plant genetic transformation technology can promote the functional analysis of plant genes, the utilization of excellent traits, and precise breeding. Various technologies of genetic transformation have been continuously discovered and developed for convenient manipulation and high efficiency, mainly involving the delivery of exogenous genes and regeneration of transformed plants. Here, currently developed genetic transformation technologies were expounded and compared. -mediated gene delivery methods are commonly used as direct genetic transformation, as well as external force-mediated ways such as particle bombardment, electroporation, silicon carbide whiskers, and pollen tubes as indirect ones. The regeneration of transformed plants usually involves the de novo organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis pathway of the explants. Ectopic expression of morphogenetic transcription factors ( , and ) can significantly improve plant regeneration efficiency and enable the transformation of some hard-to-transform plant genotypes. Meanwhile, some limitations in these gene transfer methods were compared including genotype dependence, low transformation efficiency, and plant tissue damage, and recently developed flexible approaches for plant genotype transformation are discussed regarding how gene delivery and regeneration strategies can be optimized to overcome species and genotype dependence. This review summarizes the principles of various techniques for plant genetic transformation and discusses their application scope and limiting factors, which can provide a reference for plant transgenic breeding.